Oral Rehydration Salt and Ringer's Lactate Solution

Oral Rehydration Salt

• It is a straightforward, cost-effective, and easily administered therapy.
• It focuses on the intactness of glucose-facilitated salt absorption even in the presence of high intestinal secretion since the released fluid is deficient in glucose and cannot be reabsorbed.
• Rehydration therapy (replacement of lost fluids/treatment of fluid depletion) is the administration of fluid by mouth or parenterally to prevent and/or correct dehydration.

Mechanism of Action

• Use an oral rehydration solution to replenish lost fluid and electrolytes (ORS).
• Until the diarrhea stops, it restores and maintains hydration, electrolyte, and pH balance. The postsurgical, post-burn, and post-trauma maintenance of hydration are the non-diarrheal uses.
• It focuses on the intactness of glucose-facilitated sodium absorption even in the presence of excessive intestinal secretion because the secreted fluid is deficient in glucose and cannot be reabsorbed.

Indication

• Diarrhoea
• Dehydration
• Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) restores and maintains hydration, electrolyte balance, and pH balance until diarrhoea stops.

Dose

• Adult: According to fluid loss approximately 200- 400ml after each loose stool.
• Child: 200 cc after each loose feces for children 1 to 12.
• Newborn to one year old 1.5 times the average feed volume

Contraindication

Thomsen disease, severe renal impairment, chronic heart failure, kidney issues resulting in a decrease in urine output, obvious water retention, hyperkalemia, and complete heart block.

Nursing Consideration

• Observe peripheral pulses while you evaluate your vital signs.
• Keep an eye on the hemodynamic parameters.
• Observe the physical characteristics of the urine and strictly check your intake.
• IVF should be properly infused at the proper rate.
• Encourage little, regular meals.
• Give yourself regular oral care.
• As directed, provide medicine.

How is the drink prepared?

• Place the ORS packet's contents in a spick-and-span container. For instructions, go to the packet, then add the appropriate amount of fresh water. The diarrhea could get worse if there is not enough water.
• Give it to the youngster from a clean cup after giving it a good stir. Use a cup, not a bottle.
• Merely add water. To milk, soup, fruit juice, or soft drinks, do not add ORS. Don't include sugar.

Ringer's Lactate Solution

A sterile solution of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride dissolved in water is called Ringer's injection. Ringer's injection contains about 4.5, 156, 4, and 147.5 million equivalents of calcium, chloride, potassium, and sodium ions per litre, respectively. Its pH ranges from 5 to 7.5.

Mechanism of Action

In their metabolic process, the organic ion lactate contributes bicarbonate as a hydrogen ion acceptor. It maintenance fluids and electrolytes in the body.

Indication

Diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, excessive vomiting, bleeding, and burns can all cause dehydration.

Befort operative, operative and post operative case.

Dose-As per condition of patient

Contraindication

Renal failure, severe hypertension, CCF

Side Effects

Thrombophlebitis, extravasion, air embolism, renal failure, pulmonary edema, cardiac failure, pulmonary oedema, renal failure, and electrolyte imbalance

Nursing Consideration

• Dosage, rate, and duration of administration must be tailored to the individual patient and depend on the intended use, age, weight, concurrent treatments, clinical state, and test results.
• Don't administer rigenger's lactate solution in excess since this could lead to:
• Fluid and salt buildup may result from administering Lactated Ringer's Injection in excess volume or at an excessive rate. overload with a potential for pulmonary and/or peripheral oedema.
• Lactate injection too frequently can cause metabolic alkalosis. Hypokalemia may occur along with metabolic alkalosis.
• Particularly in patients with significant renal impairment, excessive potassium delivery might result in hyperkalemia.
• Hypercalcemia could result from administering calcium salts too frequently.
• If the solution is not clear and the container is damaged, do not administer.
• Keep aseptic procedures in mind when changing IV fluid.