The older name for the Greece was Yunan and its capital was Athens.
Before living in Poleis, during "Greek Dark Ages", people used to live scattered throughout Greece in small farming villages.
Zeus was the god of god for Greek people and they also believed that each Poleis was protected by particular god or goddesses, to whom they show a great deal of respect.
Homer, poet, wrote Iliad and The Odyssey had a great influence on western culture.
Socrates introduced the western system of logic and philosophy through his book "Socratic Method".
Aristotle classified the area of human knowledge into different categories such as Mathematics, Biology, Physics and ethics.