Cesarean section

Subject: Midwifery II (Theory)

Overview

Cesarean section is a surgical procedure in which one or more incision are made through a mother’s abdomen and uterus to delivery one or more babies.Types of C-section are Classical cesarean,Lower segment cesarean section, Emergency c-section and Elective cesarean section (planned c/s).Indication of C-section are Prolonge labor, Fetal distress,Cord prolapse,Uterine rupture,HTN or tachycardia,Placental abnormalities,Failed labour induction and Large baby wt. (>4000 gm), etc. Contraindication for CS are absence of appropriate indication for cesarean section, phylogenic infection of abdominal wall,dead fetus and abnormal fetus.

Introduction

  • Also known as C-section
  • Is a surgical procedure
  • Often performed when a vaginal delivery would put the baby's or mother's life or health at risk or danger
  • Also common among women carrying more than one baby
  • Relatively safer for both mother and baby
  • Is still major surgery and carries risks, and takes longer time to recover from C-section than vaginal delivery
  • After healing also incision may leave a weak spot on the wall of the uterus that could cause a problem with an attempted vaginal delivery later

Definition

Cesarean section is a surgical procedure in which one or more incisions are made through a mother’s abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more babies.

Types of C-section

  • Classical cesarean
  • Lower segment cesarean section
  •  Emergency c-section
  •  Elective cesarean section (planned c/s)

Types cesarean section

 Indication

  • Abnormal presentation

    (breech or transverse)

  • Prolonged labor
  • Fetal distress
  • Cord prolapse
  • Uterine rupture
  • HTN or tachycardia
  • Placental abnormalities
  • Failed labor induction
  • Large baby wt. (>4000 gm)
  • Other
  • Pre-eclampsia
  • Previous c-section
  • Previous uterine rupture
  • Bicornate uterus
  • Obstructed labor
  • Contracted labor

Pre-eclampsia

  • Is a pregnancy complication
  • Characterized by high BP and signs of another organ system often kidney
  • Usually, begins at 20 weeks of pregnancy
  • Slighinraise a f BP is sign of pre-eclampsia
  • Can caucomplicationsmplicationfetusboth fetal and mother if left untreated
  • Only cure is the delivery of the baby

Contraindication

  • Absence of appropriate indication for cesarean section
  • Phylogenic infection of the abdominal wall
  • Dead fetus
  • Abnormal fetus

Risk

For baby

  • Breathing problem
  • Surgical injury

For mother;

  • Inflammation and infection of the membrane lining the uterus
  • Increased bleeding
  • Reaction to anesthesia
  • Blood clot
  • Wound infection
  • Surgical incision
  • Increased risk during future pregnancies

Complication

  • Infection
  • Hemorrhage
  • Injury to pelvic organ
  • Thromboembolic disease

Management

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Medical management

Antibiotics

Inapsine

Analgesic

Other

Iron sulphate

Prenatal vitamin

Colace

Mylicom

Things to remember
  • Cesarean section is a surgical procedure in which one or more incision are made through a mother’s abdomen and uterus to delivery one or more babies.
  • Types of C-section are Classical cesarean,Lower segment cesarean section, Emergency c-section and Elective cesarean section (planned c/s).
  • Indication of C-section are Prolonge labor, Fetal distress,Cord prolapse,Uterine rupture,HTN or tachycardia,Placental abnormalities,Failed labour induction and Large baby wt. (>4000 gm), etc.
  • Contraindication for CS are absence of appropriate indication for cesarean section, phylogenic infection of abdominal wall,dead fetus and abnormal fetus.
Questions and Answers

In order to deliver one or more infants, a mother's abdomen and uterus are cut through one or more times during a cesarean section. Types of C-section are Classical cesarean, Lower segment cesarean section, Emergency c-section and Elective cesarean section (planned c/s)

Indication

  • Abnormal presentation(breech or transverse):
    • Prolonge labor
    • Fetal distress
    • Cord prolapse
    • Uterine rupture
    • HTN or tachycardia
    • Placental abnormalities
    • Failed labour induction
    • Large baby wt. (>4000 gm)
  • Other:
    • Pre-eclampsia
    • Previous c-section
    • Previous uterine rupture
    • Bicarnuate uterus
    • Obstructed labour
    • Contracted labour

Contraindication

  • Absence of appropriate indication for cesarean section.
  • Phylogenic infection of abdominal wall.
  • Dead fetus.
  • Abnormal fetus.

Risk

  • For baby:
    • Breathing problem.
    • Surgical injury.
  • For mother:
    • Inflammation and infection of membrane lining uterus.
    • Increased bleeding.
    • Reaction to anesthesia.
    • Blood clot.
    • Wound infection.
    • Surgical incision.
    • Increased risk during future pregnancies.

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