Investigation of Gastrointestinal Disorders and liver Tumor

Investigation of Gastrointestinal Disorders and Liver Tumor

X-ray 

It is now frequently utilized in diagnostics. An electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength is an x-ray. They can penetrate a substance, and it is because of this property that they are helpful in the study of tissues.

Barium Meal, and Enema, Oral Cholecystogram

• Barium Meal
  • Barium swallow test refers to a barium examination of the throat and esophagus. A barium meal test is a barium examination of the stomach and the first segment of the small intestine. Standing in front of an X-ray scanner, the patient ingests a variable mixture of gas and barium, a substance that improves X-ray images.
• Enema
  • An x-ray examination is used during a barium enema, sometimes referred to as a lower GI (gastrointestinal) exam, to observe the large intestine. The large intestine can be seen in profile using the single-contrast technique, which involves injecting barium sulfate into the rectum, and the double-contrast (also known as "air contrast") approach, which involves inserting air into the rectum.
• Oral Cholecystogram
  • Is a gallbladder X-ray examination. An organ called the gallbladder is situated in the upper right side of your abdominal cavity. The bile that is stored in your gallbladder helps with digesting.
  • When we say "oral," we mean the oral drug you take prior to the test. The drug is an iodine-based contrast agent that increases the visibility of your gallbladder on an X-ray.
  • Gallbladder-related issues are diagnosed via an oral cholecystogram. An organ's inflammation as well as other abnormalities like polyps, tumors, and gallstones can be seen on the X-ray.

Gastroscopy, Gastric Analysis

• Gastroscopy
  • Through the use of a flexible, lit tube, the GI system is directly seen. Esophgasocopy, gastroscopy, and esohagastrodudenoscopy are all types of upper GI tract endoscopy. These procedures can be used to examine patients who have inflammatory bowel disease, pernicious anemia, esophageal damage, masses, strictures, dysphagia, substernal pain, or chronic or active GI bleeding.

CT Scanning, MRI

• CT Scanning
  • Scan using computed tomography (CT or CAT). Using an x-ray scanner, a CT scan produces a three-dimensional image of the interior of the body. The images are then combined by a computer to create a thorough cross-sectional view that reveals any anomalies or malignancies. To offer more detail on the image, a contrast medium, a specific dye, is occasionally administered prior to the scan. This dye can be ingested or administered as an injection into the patient's vein. On the basis of characteristics unique to the malignancy that can be observed on a CT scan, HCC is frequently identified. Patients can skip a liver biopsy because to this. The size of the tumor can also be determined via a CT scan.
• MRI
  • Imaging with magnetic resonance (MRI). Instead than using x-rays, an MRI creates precise images of the body using magnetic fields. The tumor's size can also be determined using MRI technology. Before the scan, a special dye called a contrast medium is administered to produce a clearer image. This dye can be ingested or administered as an injection into the patient's vein.

Aspiration and Liver Biopsy

• A biopsy is the process of removing and examining tissue for a medical diagnosis. It can be done by a specific needle or bore (needle biopsy), which does not require a surgical incision, or by means of an open biopsy during exploratory surgery (endoscope biopsy).

Abdominal Paracentesis

The procedure of abdominal paracentesis involves draining fluid from the peritoneal cavity. The visceral layer, which surrounds the abdominal organs, and the parietal layer, which lines the abdominal cavity, together constitute the peritoneal cavity, which is made up of two layers of serous membranes like the pleural cavity.

• Test of liver function.
• Specific nursing care is provided for patients with digestive disorders.
• Using a nasogastric tube to feed and care for the patient's nutritional needs.

All nutrients, including unpleasant foods and drugs, can be provided adequately by tube feeding. Large fluid dosages can be administered safely.

Care Nasogastric Tube

• Before and after the feed, to give mouth.
• To safeguard the bedding and clothing.
• To make the nostrils clean.
• To secure the tube in place.
• To clean up the excretion.
• To aspirate the stomach and administer the feeding.
• To administer food at body temperature.
• To check where the tube is located.
• To clamp the tube in order to stop gastric contents from leaking.
• To open the airway in the event that a very unwell or unconscious patient vomits and aspirates the liquid into the respiratory system.
• To use saline or soda-bicarb solution for microbial prevention

Feeding for colostomy care also takes into account the individual's psychological needs.

An artificial opening is created into the colon on the front abdominal wall during a colostomy procedure to allow feces and flatus to escape.

Psychological Need of The Individual

• For the patient to acclimate to having a colostomy, preoperative education regarding the procedure will be crucial. They should be aware that having a colostomy won't change their everyday activities; instead, caring for it will become second nature.
• They might provide an opportunity to speak with someone who has a colostomy and has mastered controlling emesis and overcoming concerns. These exchanges will be comforting and educational. A conversation with a person who is maladjusted, on the other hand, will not go well.
• Constant support and instruction in colostomy care will inspire trust in the patient. Once the patient learns to take care of himself, he can deal with his situation. A well-adjusted individual has an entirely typical life and even participates in the activities.
• By irrigating the intestines before to the start of long excursions and wearing a colostomy bag with a large capacity, the fear of soiling the dress while traveling can be eliminated. In case of unintentional soiling, the patient should be advised to carry spare linen.
• They lead regular social, professional, recreational, and sexual lives with the help of love, patience, and hygiene habits on the part of the patient and other family members.

Therapeutic Diets

A meal plan that restricts the consumption of particular foods or nutrients is known as a therapeutic diet. It is a component of treating a medical problem and is typically recommended by a doctor and organized by a dietician. Usually, a therapeutic diet is just a regular diet modified.

Common Therapeutic Diets

• To keep one's nutritional balance.
• To regain proper nourishment.
• To improve dietary status.
• Added support for weight management.
• To maintain a balance between protein, fat, and carbohydrates for the management of diabetes.

References

• ddc.musc.edu/public/tests/diagnostic-radiology/barium-swallow-meal.html
• Mandal, G. (August 2013). A Textbook of Adult Health Nursing (2nd ed.). Dilllibazar kathmandu: Makalu publication house. Retrieved August 2013
• medicinenet.com › home › medterms medical dictionary az list