Nasal Polyps

Subject: Medical and Surgical Nursing II (Theory)

Overview

Soft, painless, noncancerous growths on the lining of your sinuses or nasal passageways are known as nasal polyps. They droop like grapes or teardrops. They are the outcome of ongoing inflammation brought on by conditions including asthma, recurrent infections, allergies, medication sensitivity, or specific immunological disorders. There may be no symptoms from small nasal polyps. Larger growths or clusters of nasal polyps can obstruct your nasal passages, impair your ability to breathe, impair your ability to smell, and cause recurrent infections. Nasal polyps' etiology is uncertain. According to experts, allergies and cystic fibrosis are both suspected causes of nasal symptoms (less commonly). Non-allergic asthma has been connected to a considerable percentage of cases. Sometimes there is no evidence of a respiratory or allergy trigger. Drugs are typically used to treat nasal polyps since they have the ability to reduce or eliminate even huge polyps. Polypectomy and endoscopic sinus surgery are surgical options.

Nasal polyps

Soft, painless, noncancerous growths on the lining of your sinuses or nasal passages are known as nasal polyps. They droop like grapes or teardrops. They are the result of ongoing inflammation brought on by conditions like asthma, recurrent infections, allergies, drug sensitivity, or specific immune disorders.

There may be no symptoms from small nasal polyps. Larger growths or clusters of nasal polyps can obstruct your nasal passages, impair your ability to breathe, impair your ability to smell, and cause recurrent infections.

Anyone can develop nasal polyps, but adults are more likely to do so. Nasal polyps are frequently shrinkable or removeable with medication, although occasionally surgery is required to removal them. Nasal polyps frequently recur even after successful treatment.

Etiology:

  • Nasal polyps' etiology is uncertain. According to experts, allergies and cystic fibrosis are both suspected causes of nasal symptoms (less commonly). Non-allergic asthma has been connected to a considerable percentage of cases. Sometimes there is no evidence of a respiratory or allergy trigger.
  • There is no connection between uterine or colonic polyps and nasal polyps.
  • A nasal polyp develops as a result of sinus or nose enlargement.
  • Nasal polyps can develop anywhere in the nasal passage or sinuses, but they most frequently appear close to the sinus opening.

Signs and symptoms:

  • Nasal obstruction
  • Nasal congestion
  • Sneezing
  • Rummy nose
  • Facial pain
  • Reduced ability to smell
  • Loss of smell
  • Loss of taste
  • Itching around eyes
  • Chronic infections

Risk factors:

  • Asthma is a condition that narrows and inflames the whole airway.
  • Some individuals may be more susceptible to developing nasal polyps due to aspirin sensitivity.
  • An allergy to airborne fungus causes allergic fungal sinusitis.
  • Due to the hereditary condition cystic fibrosis, nasal and sinus membranes produce and secrete excessively thick, sticky secretions, including thick mucus.
  • Churg-Strauss syndrome is an uncommon condition that results in blood vessel inflammation.
  • Adults who are at least 40 years old.
  • Genetic

Investigation:

  • The nasal endoscopy
  • PET Scan
  • Prick test for allergies
  • Dysplastic fibrosis

Treatment:

Medical treatment

  • Steroids spray: The doctor can advise using nose drops or a spray form of steroids. This drug lessens inflammation while shrinking the polyps. Patients with one or more minor polyps are more likely to receive this treatment.
  • Steroids tablets: Larger polyps or more intense inflammation may require the patient to take steroid tablets: either by themselves or in combination with a nasal spray
  • Other medications: Among them will be medications that are used to treat illnesses that might be exacerbating the inflammation. For instance, consider antihistamines for allergies. antifungal medications for fungal allergies and antibiotics for infections

Surgical treatment

  • Polypectomy
  • Endoscopic sinus surgery

Complication:

  • Chronic or frequent sinus infection.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea

The structure of the face is altered, leading to double vision

 

REFERENCE

Dhingra PL. Diseases of ear, nose, and throat. $th ed: Reed Elsevier India (P) Limited:2007

HealthLine. 2005. 2017 http://www.healthline.com/health/nasal-polyps

Mandal, G.N. Textbook of Adult Nursing. Kathmandu: Makalu Publication House, 2013.

Medscape. 1994. 2017 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/994274-overview

NHS Choice. http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/polyps-nose/Pages/Introduction.aspx

Shrivastav R, Rakesh P. An illustrated Textbook of ear, nose, throat and head and neck surgery. 1st ed. Lalitpur Nepal: UPS publisher; 2008

Web MD. 2005. 2017 http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/nasal-polyps-symptoms-and-treatments#1

 

 

 
Things to remember
  • Soft, painless, noncancerous growths on the lining of your sinuses or nasal passageways are known as nasal polyps.
  • They droop like grapes or teardrops.
  • They are the outcome of ongoing inflammation brought on by conditions including asthma, recurrent infections, allergies, medication sensitivity, or specific immunological disorders.
  • There may be no symptoms from small nasal polyps.
  • Larger growths or clusters of nasal polyps can obstruct your nasal passages, impair your ability to breathe, impair your ability to smell, and cause recurrent infections.
  • Nasal polyps' etiology is uncertain. According to experts, allergies and cystic fibrosis are both suspected causes of nasal symptoms (less commonly).
  • Non-allergic asthma has been connected to a considerable percentage of cases.
  • Sometimes there is no evidence of a respiratory or allergy trigger.
  • Drugs are typically used to treat nasal polyps since they have the ability to reduce or eliminate even huge polyps.
  • Polypectomy and endoscopic sinus surgery are surgical options.
Questions and Answers

Nasal polyps are noncancerous, soft growths on the lining of your nasal passages or sinuses. They dangle from the ceiling like teardrops or grapes. Chronic inflammation caused by asthma, recurring infection, allergies, drug sensitivity, or certain immune disorders causes them.

Small nasal polyps are unlikely to cause symptoms. Larger growths or groups of nasal polyps can obstruct your nasal passages, causing breathing difficulties, a loss of smell, and frequent infections.

  • The cause of nasal polyps is unknown. According to experts, nasal congestion is caused by allergies as well as cystic fibrosis (less commonly). Non-allergic asthma is responsible for a significant number of cases. There is no respiratory or allergic trigger found in some cases.
  • There is no link between nasal polyps and colonic or uterine polyps.
  • A nasal polyp is caused by nasal or sinus swelling.
  • Nasal polyps are most common near the sinus opening, but they can appear anywhere in the nasal passage or sinuses.
  1. Nasal obstruction
  2. Nasal congestion
  3. Sneezing
  4. Rummy nose
  5. Facial pain
  6. Reduced ability to smell
  7. Loss of smell
  8. Loss of taste
  9. Itching around eyes
  10. Chronic infections

Medical treatment

Nasal polyp treatment usually starts with drugs, which can make even large polyps shrink or disappear. Drug treatments may include:

  1. Nasal corticosteroids.Your doctor is likely to prescribe a corticosteroid nasal spray to reduce inflammation. This treatment may shrink the polyps or eliminate them completely. Nasal corticosteroids include fluticasone (Flonase, Veramyst), budesonide (Rhinocort), flunisolide, mometasone (Nasonex), triamcinolone (Nasacort AQ) , beclomethasone (Qnasl, Beconase AQ) and ciclesonide (Omnaris, Zetonna).
  2. Oral and injectable corticosteroids.If a nasal corticosteroid isn't effective, your doctor may prescribe an oral corticosteroid, such as prednisone, either alone or in combination with a nasal spray. Because oral corticosteroids can cause serious side effects, you usually take them only for a brief period. Injectable corticosteroids may be used if nasal polyps are severe.
  3. Other medications.Your doctor may prescribe drugs to treat conditions that contribute to chronic inflammation in your sinuses or nasal passages. These may include antihistamines to treat allergies and antibiotics to treat a chronic or recurring infection. Aspirin desensitization and treatment may benefit some patients with nasal polyps and aspirin sensitivity.

Surgical treatment

  1. Polypectomy
  2. Endoscopic sinus surgery

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