Nasal Tumor

Subject: Medical and Surgical Nursing II (Theory)

Overview

Nasal tumors may be cancerous or benign (noncancerous) (malignant). Nasal cavity or sinus tumors that are malignant are uncommon. The diagnosis of the illness occurs most frequently in people in their 50s and 60s. A significant risk factor for nose and sinus cancer as well as other malignancies of the respiratory tract is smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke. Such tumors appear to be more likely to develop when people are exposed to dust from wood, leather, or textiles, as well as fumes from glue, formaldehyde, solvents, nickel, chromium, rubbing alcohol, and radium. Consistent nasal congestion, particularly on one side, pain in the forehead, cheek, nose, or around the eyes or ear, post-nasal drip in the back of the throat, frequent and persistent nosebleeds, loss of taste or smell, runny eyes, difficulty opening the mouth, and other symptoms are all indications of a nasal tumor. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery may be used to treat cancer if it is discovered in the sinuses or nasal cavity. An open surgical procedure is necessary if the tumor has spread to the skull's key structures like the eye, brain, check, or nerves.

Nasal tumors may be cancerous or benign (noncancerous). Nasal cavity or sinus tumors that are cancerous are uncommon.

Causes

  • Sinus cancer is more common in men than in women.
  • The diagnosis of the illness occurs most frequently in people in their 50s and 60s.
  • A significant risk factor for nose and sinus cancer as well as other malignancies of the respiratory tract is smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke. Such tumors appear to be more likely to develop when people are exposed to dust from wood, leather, or textiles, as well as fumes from glue, formaldehyde, solvents, nickel, chromium, rubbing alcohol, and radium. The risk of sinus or nasal cancer can be decreased by limiting exposure to these risk factors, especially by abstaining from tobacco smoke.
  • Sinus and nasal cavities are brought on by malfunctioning genes that regulate cell growth, though the exact cause of these conditions is unknown.

Types

  • Squamous cell carcinoma (most common; about 70 percent of such cancers) occurs in the respiratory tract.
  • Adenocarcinoma (about 10 to 20 percent) occurs in the sinus lining
  • Lymphomas (about 5 percent of such cancers) are caused by cells in the immune or lymphatic system
  • Melanomas (about 3 percent) arise from cells in the sinus lining that contain pigment and are very aggressive
  • Esthesioneuroblastomas develop from the nerves at the base of the skull, where they enter the nasal cavity and provide a sense of smell.

Symptoms

  • Nasal congestion that doesn't go away, especially on one side
  • Experiencing pain in the brow, cheek, nose, eyes, or ear
  • Post-nasal drip at the throat's back
  • Regular and ongoing nosebleeds
  • Blurry or double vision
  • Loss of taste or smell perception
  • Face or tooth pain or numbness
  • A tumor on the face, nose, mouth, throat, or neck
  • Swollen eyes
  • Having trouble expanding the mouth
  • Continual ear infections
  • Trouble hearing

Investigation

  • Making history.
  • Examination of the body.
  • A CT scan.
  • MRI.
  • The suspicious mass can be biopsied using an endoscope under either local or general anesthesia.

Treatment

  • Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery may be used to treat cancer if it is discovered in the sinuses or nasal cavity.
  • When tumors are tiny, an endoscopic, minimally invasive procedure is frequently used to remove them.
  • An open surgical procedure is necessary if the tumor has progressed to the skull's essential structures like the eye, brain, check, or nerves.

REFERENCE

Dhingra PL. Diseases of ear, nose, and throat. $th ed: Reed Elsevier India (P) Limited:2007

Mandal, G.N. Textbook of Adult Nursing. Kathmandu: Makalu Publication House, 2013.

Medline Plus. 05 January 2017 https://medlineplus.gov/nasalcancer.html

Medscape. 1994. 2017 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/847189-overview#a8

NHS Choice. http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cancer-of-the-nose-and-sinus/Pages/Definition.aspx

Shrivastav R, Rakesh P. An illustrated Textbook of ear, nose, throat and head and neck surgery. 1st ed. Lalitpur Nepal: UPS publisher; 2008

 
Things to remember
  • Nasal tumors may be cancerous or benign (noncancerous) (malignant). Nasal cancer or tumors in the sinuses are uncommon.
  • The diagnosis of the illness occurs most frequently in people in their 50s and 60s.
  • A significant risk factor for nose and sinus cancer as well as other malignancies of the respiratory tract is smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke.
  • Such tumors appear to be more likely to develop when people are exposed to dust from wood, leather, or textiles, as well as fumes from glue, formaldehyde, solvents, nickel, chromium, rubbing alcohol, and radium.
  • Consistent nasal congestion, particularly on one side, pain in the forehead, cheek, nose, or around the eyes or ear, post-nasal drip in the back of the throat, frequent and persistent nosebleeds, loss of taste or smell, runny eyes, difficulty opening the mouth, and other symptoms are all indications of a nasal tumor.
  • Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery may be used to treat cancer if it is discovered in the sinuses or nasal cavity.
  • An open surgical procedure is necessary if the tumor has progressed to the skull's essential structures like the eye, brain, check, or nerves.
Questions and Answers
  • Men are more likely than women to develop sinus cancer.
  • The condition is most commonly diagnosed in people in their fifties and sixties.
  • Smoking and tobacco smoke are major risk factors for nose and sinus cancer, as well as other respiratory cancers. Inhaling vapors from glue, formaldehyde, solvents, nickel, chromium, rubbing alcohol, and radium, as well as dust from wood, leather, or textiles, appear to increase the risk of such cancers. Avoiding exposure to these risk factors, particularly tobacco smoke, can reduce the risk of sinus or nasal cancer.
  • Although the exact cause of sinus and nasal cavities is unknown, they occur when the genes that control cell growth fail.
  1. Persistent nasal congestion, especially on one side
  2. Pain in the forehead, cheek, nose or around the eyes or ear
  3. Post-nasal drip at the back of the throat
  4. Frequent and persistent nosebleeds
  5. Double or blurred vision
  6. Loss of sense of smell or taste
  7. Pain or numbness in the face or teeth
  8. A growth in the face, nose, palate or neck
  9. Runny eyes
  10. Difficulty opening the mouth
  11. Recurrent ear infections
  12. Difficulty hearing

 

  • Squamous cell carcinoma (most common; about 70 percent of such cancers) occurs in the respiratory tract.
  • Adenocarcinoma (about 10 to 20 percent) occurs in the sinus lining
  • Lymphomas (about 5 percent of such cancers) are caused by cells in the immune or lymphatic system
  • Melanomas (about 3 percent) arise from cells in the sinus lining that contain pigment and are very aggressive
  • Esthesioneuroblastomas develop from the nerves at the base of the skull, where they enter the nasal cavity and provide a sense of smell.

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