Diabetic Retinopathy and Optic Nerve Atrophy

Diabetic Retinopathy

It is the most prevalent form of diabetic retinopathy and a major contributor to blindness. It is brought on by modifications to the retina's blood vessels.

Some diabetic retinopathy is brought on by swollen, fluid-leaking blood vessels. The retina, the light-sensitive tissue in the rear of the eye, can develop aberrant new blood vessels on its surface. Although there might not initially be any obvious changes in vision, over time it can lead to vision loss. Both eyes are typically affected by diabetic retinopathy.

Optic Nerve Atrophy

It is most frequently brought on by inadequate blood flow in older persons, which harms the optic nerve. Color distinction is challenging as vision becomes weak and the field of vision is decreased. The only effective treatment for persistent optic nerve damage is to stop future damage from occurring and address the underlying cause.

Elderly persons should get eye exams to identify issues in their early stages. Exercise, a good diet, and blood pressure monitoring are crucial. Both cataracts and macular degeneration have been associated with smoking and sun exposure. Wearing sunglasses with 100 percent UVA and UVB protection is advised.

Consequences of Vision Loss

• Visual impairment has a considerable impact on self-image and confidence and consequently affects their ability to communicate.
• Older adults experience significant communication consequences from visual impairment:
  • They will avoid socialization in a brightly lit room which could cause glare.
  • They might appear inattentive and not respond when a companion points out some interesting scenery or photograph, hence appearing unappreciative or inattentive.
  • Inability to contrast colors limits their ability to move around and socialize because doors, stair edges and even lights switches are difficult to see.

Health Promotion of Vision Loss

• Signs in clear, large blood print at eye level; use audiotapes
• Contrasting colors. Good even lighting levels
• Use task lamps
• Soft furnishings – curtain, carpet to reduce sound resonance
• Use of accessibility features when using a computer
• Use of language when you give directions
• Obtain and encourage the use of low vision aids and make sure that the setting is well lit.
• If an older adult is not wearing glasses, ask whether glasses are usually worn and for what purposes.
• When using printed material, make sure that it is a size that the older adult person can read