Precancerous and Malignant Skin lesions

Precancerous and Malignant Skin lesions

Actinic keratosis

Actinic keratoses, also known as solar keratoses, are brought on by exposure to the sun. They are viewed as potentially malignant. People who worked or spent time outside have a higher prevalence of the lesions due to their link to sun exposure.

Dry, scaly, hyperkeratotic lesions are the hallmarks of actinic keratosis. An erythematous base may or may not be present. Actinic keratoses typically occur in round and oval shapes on the face, neck, and forearms.

The best form of treatment is prevention. Always provide the patient advice about avoiding prolonged sun exposure and using sunblock properly.

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Base cell carcinoma is the most typical type of skin cancer. Its cause is sun exposure, and it frequently affects exposed parts including the face, ears, neck, and forearms. Rarely does it spread.

Although minor lesions can be treated with electrodesiccation and curettage, surgical excision is the only option for treating BCC. A dermatologist with specialized expertise in the process can perform Moh's surgery. Each specimen is microscopically cut to check for malignant cells during the operation. Another slice is obtained until the material is cancer-free if malignant cells are still present.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma typically develops as a small, red, modular lesion on the face and upper extremities that are exposed to sunlight. It may also develop secondary to a precancerous lesion and spread through local lymph nodes.

Nursing management:

• Encourage people to use sunscreen with an SPF rating of at least 15 and to wear protective gear.
• Insist on ongoing medical oversight.
• Provide assistance with receiving radiation and chemotherapy drugs. Examine the skin for any localized irritation and instruct the client to stay away from any metal-containing creams or powders.
• Encourage consumption of foods high in nutrients.
• Encourage speaking out on fears
• Encourage family support and offer emotional help.