Female reproductive sysytem-4

Ovulation

The process of releasing secondary oocytes from the surface of the ovary after a mature graafian follicle ruptures is known as ovulation. This procedure is referred to as oogenesis. Oogenesis is the process by which immature ovum develop from oogonia. The beginning of oogenesis occurs during intrauterine life. Millions of germ cells are produced by oogonia, which are steam cells. These germ cells grew into primary oocytes, which are bigger cells. A single layer of follicular cells surrounds the primary oocyte as it develops into a primordial follicle. After puberty, the anterior pituitary's FSH and LH continue to promote the growth of several primordial follicles until one of them matures into a (graafian) follicle. When FSH and LH levels are high, the mature follicle bursts and releases the ovum (oocyte). Beginning in puberty, about 20 ovarian follicles grow each month. 24-33 hours following the LH surge is when ovulation happens. There are times when mittelschmerz, a type of pelvic pain, occurs together with ovulation.

Time of ovulation

This often happens between the 13th and the 17th day of a 28-day menstrual cycle, though it can happen earlier or later. Regardless of how long a menstrual cycle lasts, ovulation is thought to take place 14 days before the start of the following menses. In each cycle, only one ovum is typically released from the ovaries, but multiple ovulation can occasionally happen. Fertilization takes place if there are sperm in the uterine tube and one of them enters the ovum. The ovum only survives for 12 to 24 hours without fertilization before starting to deteriorate.

Blood Supply of the Ovaries

The ovarian arteries provide blood for the arterial system. The ovarian veins discharge the venous blood. While the left ovarian vein returns blood to the left renal vein, the right ovarian vein joins the inferior vena cava. The para-aortic lymph nodes are responsible for draining lymphatic fluid.

Nerve Supply of the Ovaries

The ovarian plexus provides the nerve supply to the ovaries.