Subject: Anatomy and Physiology
Homeostasis is the regulation and control of many bodily systems and physiological processes to maintain consistent conditions in the internal environment. Although the word's literal meaning is "Unchanging," it actually refers to a dynamic, constantly-changing scenario that is managed within specific bounds. The internal environment of a healthy organism remains the same within its usual boundaries even when the exterior world changes continually. However, internal circumstances change within a certain range; for example, body temperature might vary from 36°C to 37°C (97°F or 99°F).
Numerous feedback mechanisms (control systems) that are able to recognize and react to changes in the internal environment maintain homeostasis. A feedback system is a series of actions in which the condition of the body is tracked, adjusted, and tracked again, etc. Three fundamental detectors (receptor, control center, and effecter) make up a feedback system.
The feedback system establishes the parameters that should be maintained for the variable factor. It receives a signal from a detector or sensor and incorporates the data that comes in. The control center reacts and modifies its output to the effectors when the incoming signals suggest that an adjustment is required. This dynamic process enables continuous readingjustment of a number of physiological variables.
Such physiological variables are:
A feedback system can respond to a condition by providing either positive or negative feedback.
The body's cells work well to maintain homeostasis through a negative and positive feedback mechanism as long as all of the body's controlled conditions stay within a set of strict boundaries. This keeps the body healthy. When the body is unable to keep a balance (moderate imbalance), illness or disease may develop, and if the imbalance is extreme, it may even lead to death.
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