Human Behaviour

Review of Central Nervous System, Neurons, Synapse and Neurotransmitter

Nervous System

The nervous system serves as the body's system of inter-organ communication. There are two main sections of the nervous system:

• The Central Nervous System (CNS) that consist of:
  • The brain.
  • The spinal cord.
• The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) that consists of
  • Spinal nerves: 31 pairs.
  • Cranial nerves: 12 pairs.
• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):
  • Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.

Neurons

Neurons are nerve cells that make up the nervous system and serve as both its structural and functional building blocks. Neuralgia is a specific type of connective tissue that supports neurons. A neuron's conductivity and excitability make up its basic characteristics.

Three sections make up the neurons.

• A cell body,
• An axon,
• Dendrites.

Neuralgia

The nervous system cell is called neuralgia. Then they encircle the neuron. They conduct various forms of supportive impulses. Various types of neuroglia include:

• Ependymal cells,
• Astrocytes,
• Oligodendroglia,
• Microglia,
• Satellite cells.

The Synapse

The functional area between two neurons known as a synapse is where information from one neuron is sent or received by another neuron without there being a protoplasmic connection between the two neurons.

Neurotransmitters

Endogenous chemicals, commonly referred to as chemical messengers, support neurotransmission. They transfer information from one neuron (nerve cell) to another "target" neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell through a chemical synapse, such as a neuromuscular junction. [1] Synaptic vesicles in synapses release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, where they are picked up by receptors on the target cells.

Factors Influencing the Human Behavior:

Human behavior includes all of our bodily tendencies, routines, talents, preferences, and tensions as well as all of our moods, emotions, and tensions, as well as all of our intellectual tendencies, including perceiving, thinking, recalling, reasoning, and desiring. This demonstrates that a person's conduct at any one time cannot be separated from the environment in which he or she is present. Human conduct clearly varies depending on one's age, circumstances, and physical and social surroundings.

Individuals' conduct is influenced by the following variables:

• Physiological Factors.
• Biochemical and Neuroanatomical Factors.

Various neurotransmitter as well as, brain functions are proposed for a variety of behavioral manifestations. It’s been stated that three brain functions are proposed for variety of behavioral manifestation:

• Frontal Lobe: Most often works as behavioral activator.
• Parietal Lobe: Most often works as behavioral inhibitor.

Both lobes work as maintenance.

Likely, in biochemical, various neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, nor-epinephrine, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) etc are directly responsible for the maintenance of person’s behavior, thought, and mood.

Hormonal Role

Some hormones are also appeared as a mediator in emotional reactions:

• Sexual behaviour
• Sadness/happiness
• Anger/aggression

Genetic Approach

Mental characteristics like intelligence, special ability, talent etc can pass on from the patient to offspring due to chromosomal factors.

Social Factors

One's conduct is also influenced by social influences. The importance of socialization in shaping one's conduct has been highlighted. Strong behavioral determinants that affect an individual's personal and unique adjustment include the influence of social expectation, early social experiences both inside and outside of the home, social deprivation, social acceptance, the role of leader and follower, acceptance and rejection of the culturally acceptable sex roles, etc.

Psychological Factors

Motive, interest, attitude, willpower, intelligence, capacity for rational thought, perception, and imagination are a few of these. 

These variables influence our behavior by dictating how we respond to diverse situations.

Individual custom, interest, resolve, and conscience:

These are to blame for some of our odd behaviors, which we are unable to account for by satisfying purely physiological needs or social motivations. 

These exhibit a certain level of uniqueness in human behavior and are highly individualized.