Pshycological Development across life Span

Subject: Behavioral Science

Overview

Psychosocial Stage 1 focuses on Trust vs. Mistrust, Psychosocial Stage 2 focuses on Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Psychosocial Stage 3 focuses on Initiative vs. Guilt, Psychosocial Stage 4 focuses on Industry vs. Inferiority, Psychosocial Stage 5 focuses on Identity vs. Confusion, Psychosocial Stage 6 focuses on Intimacy vs. Isolation, Psychosocial Stage 7 focuses on Generativity Integrity vs. Despair in Stage 8 The most fundamental period of life is represented by the first stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which takes place between birth and one year of age. Early childhood is the time period for the second stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which focuses on kids gaining more self-control. Through leading a play and other social interactions, preschoolers start to assert their power and control over the world. Stage 8 comes last and is the phase that focuses on looking back on life as it has been lived.

Psychological Development Across Life Span

Psychosocial Stage 1 - Trust vs. Mistrust

The most fundamental period of life is represented by the first stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which takes place between birth and one year of age.
Due to an infant's complete dependence, the reliability and competence of the child's caretakers are a foundational factor in the formation of trust.
A youngster will feel safe and secure in the world if they are able to properly create trust. Children who are in the care of caregivers are more likely to feel distrusted if those caregivers are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting. Lack of trust will lead to fear and the conviction that life is unpredictable and inconsistent.

Psychosocial Stage 2 - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Early childhood is the time period for the second stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which focuses on kids gaining more self-control.
Erikson shared Freud's view that toilet training was a crucial step in this process. However, Erikson's justification was very unlike from Freud's. According to Erikson, gaining control over one's bodily functions promotes independence and a sense of control.
Gaining more control over food preferences, toy preferences, and clothing choices are additional significant events.
Children who pass this stage successfully feel secure and confident, while those who fail are left feeling inadequate and self-conscious.

Psychosocial Stage 3 - Initiative vs. Guilt

Through leading a play and other social interactions, preschoolers start to express their authority and control over the world.
Children that succeed at this stage believe they are capable of leading others. People who lack these abilities experience remorse, self-doubt, and a lack of initiative.

Psychosocial Stage 4 - Industry vs. Inferiority

From around age 5 to 11, the early school years are included in this period.
Children start to feel proud of their accomplishments and skills through social interactions.
Children who get praise and encouragement from their parents and instructors grow to feel competent and confident in their abilities.
Those who get little to no support from their parents, instructors, or classmates will have doubts about their capacity for achievement.

Psychosocial Stage 5 - Identity vs. Confusion

Children are discovering their independence and shaping a sense of who they are during adolescence.
Through personal exploration, those who are properly encouraged and reinforced will leave this stage with a strong sense of self, a sense of independence, and a sense of control. Those who aren't certain about their beliefs and desires will feel insecure and uncertain about the future.

Psychosocial Stage 6 - Intimacy vs. Isolation

This era includes the early adult years when people are figuring out their personal relationships.
Erikson thought it was essential for humans to form committed, deep connections with other people. Those that are successful at this stage will establish dedicated and reliable partnerships.
Keep in mind that each stage builds on the abilities acquired in earlier steps. Erikson thought that establishing close relationships required a strong sense of one's own identity. According to studies, people with low self-esteem are more likely to experience emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression as well as less committed relationships.

Psychosocial Stage 7 - Generativity vs. Stagnation

We continue to create our lives as adults, putting a priority on our families and careers.
Those that are successful throughout this stage will believe that by participating in their home and community that they are making a difference in the world. Those who are unable to develop this skill will feel unproductive and disengaged from society.

Psychosocial Stage 8 - Integrity vs. Despair

This stage, which is associated with aging, is centered on looking back on one's life.
If this stage is succesful, the person will feel their life has been a waste and have numerous regrets. The person will experience feelings of resentment and hopelessness.
Those with a sense of integrity will feel proud of their accomplishments. Looking back after completing this phase successfully means having few regrets and generally feeling satisfied. Even in the face of death, these people will grow wise.

Things to remember

Psychosocial Stage 1 is about trust versus mistrust, while Psychosocial Stage 2 is about autonomy versus guilt and shame, Psychosocial Stage 3 is about initiative versus guilt, Psychosocial Stage 4 is about industry versus inferiority, Psychosocial Stage 5 is about identity versus confusion, Psychosocial Stage 6 is about intimacy versus isolation, Psychosocial Stage 7 is about generativity versus stagnation, and Psychosocial Stage 8 is about integrity versus despair.
The most fundamental period of life is represented by the first stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which takes place between birth and one year of age.
Early childhood is the time period for the second stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which focuses on kids gaining more self-control.
Through leading a play and other social interactions, preschoolers start to express their authority and control over the world.
Stage 8 comes last and is the phase that focuses on looking back on life as it has been lived.

Questions and Answers

Write the psychological development across life span ?

Psychosocial Stage 1 - Trust vs. Mistrust

The first stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development occurs between birth and one year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life.
Because an infant is utterly dependent, the development of trust is based on the dependability and quality of the child’s caregivers.
If a child successfully develops trust, he or she will feel safe and secure in the world. Caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in the children they care for. Failure to develop trust will result in fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable.

Psychosocial Stage 2 - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The second stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development takes place during early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control.
Like Freud, Erikson believed that toilet training was a vital part of this process. However, Erikson's reasoning was quite different than that of Freud's. Erikson believes that learning to control one’s body functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence.
Other important events include gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing selection.
Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt.

Psychosocial Stage 3 - Initiative vs. Guilt

During the preschool years, children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing a play and other social interaction.
Children who are successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others. Those who fail to acquire these skills are left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt, and lack of initiative.

Psychosocial Stage 4 - Industry vs. Inferiority

This stage covers the early school years from approximately age 5 to 11.
Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities.
Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills.
Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers or peers will doubt their ability to be successful.

Psychosocial Stage 5 - Identity vs. Confusion

During adolescence, children are exploring their independence and developing a sense of self.
Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will insecure and confused about themselves and the future.

Psychosocial Stage 6 - Intimacy vs. Isolation

This stage covers the period of early adulthood when people are exploring personal relationships.
Erikson believed it was vital that people develop close, committed relationships with other people. Those who are successful at this step will develop relationships that are committed and secure.
Remember that each step builds on skills learned in previous steps. Erikson believed that a strong sense of personal identity was important to developing intimate relationships. Studies have demonstrated that those with a poor sense of self-tend to have less committed relationships and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression.

Psychosocial Stage 7 - Generativity vs. Stagnation

During adulthood, we continue to build our lives, focusing on our career and family.
Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.

Psychosocial Stage 8 - Integrity vs. Despair

This phase occurs during old age and is focused on reflecting back on life.
Those who are unsuccessful during this phase will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience many regrets. The individual will be left with feelings of bitterness and despair.
Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death.