Intelligence Test

Subject: Behavioral Science

Overview

The Binet-Simon, Standford-Binet, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales are three different intelligence tests. The Binet-Simon intelligence scale was created by Binet to help educators identify pupils who required more support to succeed in the classroom. He maintained that most pupils, regardless of background, could catch up and function pretty well in school with the right remedial education programs. I.Q., short for "intelligence quotient," was first used in 1912. Stern's suggestion that an individual's intelligence level be measured as an intelligence quotient was incorporated into the Binet-Simon scale, which was first published in 1916 by Stanford University's Lewis M. Terman. The WAIS was initially introduced in 1955 as an alternative to the Binet scale to measure intelligence in adults. By the 1960s, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, a more recent Binet scale, had been superseded by the WAIS as the standard method for assessing adult intelligence.

Intelligence test

  • Binet-Simon intelligence scale
    The Binet-Simon intelligence scale, the first contemporary intelligence test, was developed in 1905 by French psychologist Alfred Binet. In 1908 and 1911, together with his collaborator Theodore Simon, he produced updates to his intelligence scale, with the last coming out right before his sad demise. In Binet's opinion, IQ tests were insufficient for measuring intelligence. He did not coin the phrase "intelligence quotient" or advocate its numerical representation.
    Since intellectual traits cannot be superimposed, the scale, properly speaking, cannot be used to measure intelligence in the same way that linear surfaces can.
    The Binet-Simon intelligence scale was created by Binet to help educators identify pupils who required more support to succeed in the classroom. He maintained that most pupils, regardless of background, could catch up and function pretty well in school with the right remedial education programs. He didn't think intelligence was a quantifiable, stable thing.
  • Standford-Binet Intelligence scale
    The term "intelligence quotient," also known as I.Q., was first used in 1912 to refer to the German term "Intelligenz-Quotient." Stanford University professor Lewis M. Terman later published the Binet-Simon scale, incorporating Stern's suggestion that an individual's intelligence level be measured as an I.Q.
    Initially, the formula for calculating IQ as a ratio was used, 100 ( mental age x Chronological age).
    E.g. A 10year old who scored as high as the average 13-year-old, for example, would have an IQ of 130 (100x13/10).
  • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
    The WAIS was first presented in 1955 as an alternative to the Binet scale for evaluating adult intelligence. By the 1960s, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, a more recent Binet scale, had been superseded by the WAIS as the standard method for assessing adult intelligence.
    The WAIS is frequently revised, much like the WISC, in order to enhance the test and maintain its relevance. Early versions of the WAIS solely assessed verbal and nonverbal intelligence; however, the WAIS-IV, released in 2008, includes eleven subtests that assessed a variety of cognitive abilities, including memory. As a result, the test has the potential to be a useful tool for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. The WAIS aims to gauge verbal and performance abilities as indicators of human intelligence. Clinical psychologist Dr. David Wechsler held that intelligence should be viewed in the context of one's overall personality because it is a global construct that reflects a variety of quantifiable skills. The WAIS is also used as a component of a battery of tests to draw conclusions about personality and pathology based on the content of particular responses and trends in subtest results.
    The WAIS is employed in neuropsychological examination, specifically in relation to brain dysfunction, in addition to IQ assessment. Significant discrepancies between verbal and nonverbal intelligence may point to particular kinds of brain injury.
    Additionally, the WAIS is used for diagnostic purposes. As part of the diagnostic standards for mental retardation, particular learning disabilities, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intelligence quotient (IQ) scores provided by the WAIS can be used.
Things to remember
  • Different Intelligence test are Binet-Simon intelligence scale ,Standford-Binet Intelligence scale and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
  • Binet had designed the Binet-Simon intelligence scale in order to identify the students who needed special help in coping with the school curriculum.
  • He argued that with the proper remedial education programs, most students regardless of background could catch up and perform quite well in school.
  • In 1912, the abbreviation of “intelligence quotient”’ or I.Q. a translation of the German Intelligenz-Quotient was coined by the Binet-Simon scale was published in 1916 by Lewis M. Terman, from Stanford University, who incorporated Sterns proposal that an individuals intelligence level be measured as an intelligence quotient.
  • The WAIS was initially introduced in 1955 as an alternative to the Binet scale to measure intelligence in adults.
  • By the 1960's, the WAIS had surpassed even the newer version of the Binet scale, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, as the preeminent tool for testing adult intelligence levels.
Questions and Answers
  1. Binet-Simon intelligence scale

In 1905 the French Psychologist Alfred Binet published the first modern intelligence test, the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Along with his collaborator Theodore Simon, published revisions of his intelligence scale in 1908 and 1911, the last appearing just before his untimely death. Binet did not believe that IQ test scale were qualified to measure intelligence. He neither invented the term “intelligence quotient” nor supported its numerical expression.

The scale properly speaking does not permit the measure of intelligence, because intellectual qualities are not superposable, and therefore cannot be measured as linear surfaces are measured.

Binet had designed the Binet-Simon intelligence scale in order to identify the students who needed special help in coping with the school curriculum. He argued that with the proper remedial education programs, most students regardless of background could catch up and perform quite well in school. He did not believe that intelligence was a measurable fixed entity.

 

 

  1. Standford-Binet Intelligence scale

In 1912, the abbreviation of “intelligence quotient”’ or I.Q. a translation of the German Intelligenz-Quotient was coined by the Binet-Simon scale was published in 1916 by Lewis M. Terman, from Stanford University, who incorporated Sterns proposal that an individuals intelligence level be measured as an intelligence quotient.

Originally, IQ was calculated as a ratio with the formula

100 X mental age

Chronological age

E.g. A 10year old who scored as high as the average 13-year-old, for example, would have an IQ of 130 (100x13/10).

 

  1. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

The WAIS was initially introduced in 1955 as an alternative to the Binet scale to measure intelligence in adults. By the 1960's, the WAIS had surpassed even the newer version of the Binet scale, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, as the preeminent tool for testing adult intelligence levels.

 

Like the WISC, the WAIS undergoes frequent revision to improve the test and to keep its contents current. Early version measured only verbal and nonverbal intelligence; however, the 2008 version of the WAIS (WAIS-IV) included ten sub-tests that examined many facets of human intellect, including memory. This makes the test a potentially useful instrument for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The WAIS is intended to measure human intelligence reflected in both verbal and performance abilities. Dr. David Wechsler, a clinical psychologist, believed that intelligence is a global construct, reflecting a variety of measurable skills and should be considered in the context of the overall personality. The WAIS is also administered as part of a test battery to make inferences about personality and pathology, both through the content of specific answers and patterns of subtest scores.

 

Besides being utilized as an intelligence assessment, the WAIS is used in neuropsychological evaluation, specifically with regard to brain dysfunction. Large differences in verbal and nonverbal intelligence may indicate specific types of brain damage.

 

The WAIS is also administered for diagnostic purposes. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores reported by the WAIS can be used as part of the diagnostic criteria for mental retardation, specific learning disabilities, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

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