Subject: Science
The specific heat capacities of land and saltwater have an impact on the air circulation in coastal environments. Land and sand have a lower specific heat capacity, leading to a sea breeze and a land breeze. Thermometers measure temperature using glass thermometers with mercury inside, digital thermometers with an electric circuit, and radiation thermometers. Calibration involves determining the scale's fixed points, which vary depending on the scale. The lower and higher fixed points of the Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin scales are 0°C and 100°C, respectively. Thermometers play a crucial role in regulating temperatures near coastal locations.
The air constantly circulates between the land and the sea in a coastal environment because of the difference in the specific heat capacities of the land and saltwater. The land and the water receive equal heat from the sun in the afternoon. However, terrestrial temperature rises more quickly than sea level because land and sand have a specific heat capacity that is around five times lower than that of water. As a result, there is a low pressure area above the surface as the warm, light air above the earth rises. The upshot is that the sea's chilly air starts to move toward the land. We refer to this as a sea breeze.
As a result of the radiation they emit at night, the temperature of the land and water drops. The temperature of land drops quickly when compared to the temperature of the ocean. The temperature of seawater stays higher at night than that of land due to the larger specific heat capacity of water. Consequently, cold air moves from the land to the sea and air pressure above sea level decreases while warm air over saltwater rises. We refer to this as the land breeze.
Because of the wind that blows from the sea to the land during the day and from the land to the sea at night, the temperature near coastal locations changes greatly between day and night.
Different types of thermometers and their working principles are listed in the following points:
Determining a thermometer's scale is the process of calibration. The distance between the two fixed points (upper fixed point and lower fixed point) is first calculated and subsequently split into the required number of equal pieces. When calibrating a thermometer, the temperature at which ice melts (0°C) is considered the lower fixed point, and the temperature at which steam boils at atmospheric pressure (100°C) is considered the higher fixed point. Next, divide the distance between these two places into 100 equal parts, with each part denoting a temperature of 10 °C.
The fixed points vary depending on the thermometer's scale. The lower and higher fixed points of the Celsius scale are, respectively, 0°C and 100°C.The bottom and upper bounds of the Fahrenheit scale are 32°F and 312°F, respectively. In the same way, 273K and 373K are considered to be the lower and upper limits of the Kelvin scale, respectively.
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