Chloroquine and Diethylcarbamazine Citrate

Chloroquine

Mechanism of Action

In order to intercalate in the DNA and break up the parasite RNA, it is necessary.

Indication

• Malaria: Malaria prevention and treatment.
• Amoebiasis: Tissue amoebicide

Dose

Adult:

• Amoebiasis: 500 mg chloroquine phosphate (300 mg base) orally once a day for at least two to three weeks after taking 1 g chloroquine phosphate (600 mg base) once a day for two days.
• Malaria: (Treatment) 600 mg upfront, 300 mg after six hours, and 300 mg every day for the following two days.
• Prophylaxis: Every week on the same day, 300 mg od. Start 2 weeks in advance of traveling to an epidemic area, and keep going for 4 weeks after you leave.

Child:

• Treatment: 10 mg/kg as a starting dose, followed by 5 mg/kg/day for three days starting six hours later.

Contraindication

Pregnancy, chloroquine hypersensitivity, alterations to the retinal visual field, and psoriasis.

Side Effect

Dizziness, headache, epigastric discomfort, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, gastric irritation, Gl upset, convulsion, psychosis, seizures, exhaustion, irritability, psychotic episoder, and personality changes. visual blurring, retinopathies, keratopathies, rusty yellow or brown urine color, Aplastic anemia, prepuritis, and dermatoses.

Nursing Consideration

Regular haematologic monitoring kidney, eye, and musculoskeletal conditions:

• Haematologic: If receiving prolonged therapy, perform periodic complete blood counts.
• Musculoskeletal: If receiving prolonged therapy, check your knee and ankle reflexes for any indications of muscular weakness.
• Ocular: Ophthalmologic examinations, including baseline and follow-up visual field tests, expert slit lamp, funduscopic, and visual acuity tests, if prolonged therapy is being considered.
• Renal: Renal function in people with kidney disease.

Antifilarial drugs are a class of medications used to treat filariasis.

Diethylcarbamazine Citrate

In 1948, it was developed. Microfilaria is a very selective parasite. It comes in tablet form (50 mg/100 mg) in oral suspension form (50 mg/5 ml & 120 mg/ml).

Mechanism of Action

• It modifies the microfilarial membranes such that tissue-fixed monocytes may quickly phagocytose them.
• Microfilaria and adult worms' muscular activity has also been impacted, leading to hyper polarization from the piperazine moiety, which causes them to become dislodged.

Indication

• Filariasis
• Tropical eosinophilia

Dose

• Filariasis: 3 split dosages of 6mg/k*g every day for three weeks. Initial dosage was 1 mg/kg/day, increased gradually to 6 mg/kg/day over the course of three days, and then was maintained for three weeks.
• Toxocariasis: Initial dose of 1 mg/kg doubled in two consecutive days, then was adjusted to 2-3 mg/kg tds for an additional 18 days.

Contraindication

Sensitivity, being pregnant, and nursing. renal impairment in neonates.

Side Effect

• Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, malaise, dizziness, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, weakness, fever, and headache
• After the initial dose, asthma attacks may occur as a result of the parasite's waste products.
• An allergic response

Nursing Consideration

• Diethylcarbamazine ought to be administered right after meals.
• With continued use, diethylcarbamazine may result in tunnel vision, night blindness, or loss of eyesight, thus monitor carefully and frequently. assessments for visual acuity, visual fields, and ophthalmoscopy are all included in ophthalmologic exams.
• Keep an eye on the client's vital indicators, especially their temperature.
• the integrity and hue of your skin. Make a note of any skin changes, bleeding, or wounds.
• Driving a car or operating heavy machinery may not be safe if you experience drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension, or a headache as side effects from Diethylcarbamazine Citrate medication.
• Take extra care around the young and old.