MANNITOL

Subject: Basic Science Applied to Nursing

Overview

The Henle's loop prevents the reabsorption of salt and chloride. It also increases the rate of excretion of electrolytes, especially sodium, chloride, and potassium. It can cause edema, hyperthermia, hyponatremia, dehydration, and acidosis.

Mechanism of Action:

  • In the loop of Henle and renal tubules, it predominantly prevents the reabsorption of salt and chloride.
  • Water is held at the proximal tubule and descending limb of Henle's loop because it cannot be reabsorbed.
  • increases the kidney's rate of excretion of electrolytes, especially sodium, chloride, and potassium.

Indication

  • Oedema
  • Ascites
  • Elevated IOP or ICP

Dose

  • Edema, Ascites

Adult: IV 100 g as a 10-20% solution over 2-6 h

  • Elevated IOP or ICP

Adult: IV 1.5 - 2mg / k * g as a 15-25% solution over 30-60 min

Side effect

  • Blurred vision, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, marked diuresis, urinary retention, nephrosis, uricosuria, fluid, and electrolyte imbalance, especially hyponatremia, dehydration, and acidosis.

Contraindication

  • Anuria; marked pulmonary congestion or edema; severe CHF; metabolic edema; organic CNS disease, intracranial bleeding; shock, severe dehydration
Things to remember
  • Mechanism of Action: In the loop of Henle and renal tubules, it predominantly prevents the reabsorption of salt and chloride.
  • Water is held at the proximal tubule and descending limb of Henle's loop because it cannot be reabsorbed.
  • increases the kidney's rate of excretion of electrolytes, especially sodium, chloride, and potassium.
  • Indication Oedema Ascites Elevated IOP or ICP Dose Edema, Ascites Adult: IV 100 g as a 10-20% solution over 2-6 hElevated IOP or ICP Adult: IV 1.5 - 2mg / k * g as a 15-25% solution over 30-60 minSide effect Blurred vision, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, marked diuresis, urinary retention, nephrosis, uricosuria, fluid, and electrolyte imbalance, especially hyponatremia, dehydration, and acidosis.
  • Contraindication Anuria; marked pulmonary congestion or edema; severe CHF; metabolic edema; organic CNS disease, intracranial bleeding; shock, severe dehydration

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