Permanent Contraceptive Methods

Permanent FP methods

The most common and successful method of long-term conception is voluntary sterilization (VS). VS is not only permanent, but it's also relatively side-effect-free and safe. In the VS technique, the fallopian tubes are closed in women and the sperm ducts (vas deferens) are blocked or occluded in males. Services are now delivered in a way that is safe, effective, and easy for the client thanks to the program's evolution over time. Vasectomy was performed on the male patient, and laparoscopy and a tubectomy were performed on the female patient (tubal ligation). Counselors must be able to adequately explain the concept of sterilization as permanent contraception to clients.

Vasectomy

A vasectomy is a quick procedure in which the sperm-transporting tubes (vas deferens) between the testicles and the penis are surgically closed. The sperm can no longer move past the ends of the tubes following this small procedure. Men still have the ability to reproduce and still produce some sperm. Castration (the removal of the testicles) should not be confused with a vasectomy because the latter prevents sperm from entering the ejaculate by blocking the vas deference ejaculatory duct.

Effectiveness

• One of the most reliable and safest forms of birth control is vasectomy. It is more efficient than alternatives. In the first year, the failure rate is often less than 1%.
• Duration of the process
• Male patients in good health who won't need any precautions should be given surgery as soon as it's convenient for them.
• Unsuccessful vasectomy
• Every client should be given the option to have a semen analysis after three months, as failure rate 1% is the most common cause of pregnancy after vasectomy to use contraceptives during the first 20 ejaculations (or for three months) after the procedure. To be reasonably certain that the procedure was successful, the man should ideally provide one or two sperm-free semen specimens after the vasectomy.

Indications

• Men of any reproductive age or (typically under 50) Men seeking a highly effective,
• Long-lasting method of contraception
• Men whose wives are at risk for serious health issues if they become pregnant due to their age, parity, or other factors.
• Men who are aware of the procedure and voluntarily give their consent.
• Couples who are certain they have the number of children they wanted

Contraindications

• Scabies: The disease might spread
• Surgery for filariasis is challenging due to the dense tissue in the scrotum.
• Varicocle: After surgery, can result in bleeding and hemorrhage.
• Diabetes.
• Cardiovascular disease
• Punctal hernia
• Hydrocele
• Atrop testes are painful.
• Cancerous or benign tumors.

Advantages

• Extremely successful (1% failure rate)
• Permanent
• Surgery carries a lower risk than female voluntary sterilization does.
• Does not obstruct sexual activity.
• If being pregnant would put the women's health in danger, it would be good for the relationship.
• Have fewer issues and a lower failure rate than the conventional vasectomy procedure.
• Uses the same ligation methods as the traditional vasectomy procedure.
• Not a hindrance during sexual activity.
• With local anaesthetic, simple surgery.
• No long-lasting negative effects.
• No modification to sexual behavior

Disadvantage

• Permanent: costly and challenging to undo
• Does not offer protection from AIDS, HBV, STIs, or HIV.
• Minor surgery risks and adverse effects, particularly if general anesthesia is used.
• Delayed effectiveness (needs 20 ejaculations or up to 3 months) could lead to regret.

Common side effects

• Infected wounds
• Increased swelling
• Haematoma
• Granuloma
• Pain near the incision.
• Sometimes there might be mental tension

Precaution

• Either single or without any living children

Symptomatic heart disease or clotting disorders severe anemia, severe hypertension.

• GTI/orchitis
• localized scrotal or cutaneous infection
• Other issues include a big varicocele, an inguinal hernia, filariasis, scar tissue, and intrascrotal masses.
• clients who aren't sure if they want to become pregnant in the future.
• clients who do not provide informed, voluntarily consent.
• warning signals for patients having vasectomy
• pus or bleeding emanating from the wound site.
• an extremely painful or enlarged scrotum.
• A temperature that is higher than 39.0 or 100.4 * f
• If you experience any of the following issues, speak with a doctor or clinic right away.s:

Female Voluntary Sterilization

The surgical process of voluntary sterilization is used to permanently end female fertility. A tubal ligation is what is done. Every month, from menarche to menopause, an egg (ovum) is produced in the ovary by the female reproductive mechanism of action system. The fallopian tube serves as a conduit between the I ovary and the womb (uterus). In a VIS procedure, both fallopian tubes are legated in one of various ways, including cutting and tying; or using clips, bands, or rings. The egg goes from the ovary through the fallopian tube where it meets the husband's sperm. After the procedure, the e cannot leave the legated area and the egg cannot be fertilized by the sperm. The lady will still menstruate after a tubal ligation.

By blocking the fallopian tubes (by cutting or with rings or clips) sperm are prevented from reaching ova and causing fertilization.

Effectiveness : Tubal ligation is one of the most effective methods of contraception; the failure rate is typically less than 1% (0.41–1% for minilaparotomy and 0.10–0.5% for laparoscopy in the first year).

When the tubs are tied

• After six to eight weeks after delivery, pregnancy should be considered out.
• Minilaparotomy should only be done within 48 hours of delivery for postpartum patients.
• Whenever you are reasonably certain the woman is not pregnant and it is not her period.

Advantages

• Highly effective in the first year of use (0.2–1% per 100 women)
• Effective right away
• If pregnancy would present a serious health risk, permanent good for the client
• Simple operations are typically performed while sedated
• Has no long-term negative consequences and has no effect on the ovaries' ability to produce hormones during sexual activity
• It can be used for both postpartum and interval tubal ligation.

Disadvantages

• Permanent (not reversible)
• Surgery's risks and side effects
• Not a barrier against HBV, AIDS, or

Indication of tubal legation against other GTI

• Women desire long-lasting, very effective contraception.
• Women for whom pregnancy poses a significant health risk
• Women who know they don't want any more children
• Women who don't want a technique that calls for daily effort or before a course of intercourse.
• Women who voluntarily and consciously give their consent to the procedure

Precautions

• Significant health issues:
• Heart disease symptoms or blood clotting issues.
• Inflammation of the pelvis in the past or present
• Obesity
• Severe anemia
• Significant hypertension
• Either single or without any surviving children women who have recent systemic or pelvic infections (until resolved or controlled)
• Women who are unable to endure the procedure.
• Women who are unsure of their desire to become pregnant in the future
• Women who refuse to voluntarily provide informed consent
• Women with depression
• Issues with marriage in women

Common side effects

• Infection of a wound
• Post-operative discomfort at the site of the incision ( 38 degrees C)
• Intestine and bladder injuries (race)
• Haematoma (subcutaneous) (subcutaneous)
• Resultant gas embolism from laparoscopic (very rare)
• Transient bleeding (skin subcutaneous)
• Warning for client with tubal legating
• Consult a medical practitioner if you experience any of the following issues.
• Higher than 39°C (100.4°F) fever
• Fainting and vertigo
• Persistent or escalating stomach discomfort
• Fluid or bleeding emanating from the wound