Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Subject: Community Health Nursing II

Overview

What is an STD? It's causes, risk factors and signs and symptoms are all explained in this note for PCL Nursing.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that can be spread by sexual contact with an infected person (such as syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and genital herpes). It is spread by vaginal or other sorts of sexual contact, including oral and anal intercourse.

The causative organisms behind STDs are:

  • Bacteria
  • Virus
  • Parasites
  • Fungus

Risk factors

  • Those who have several sexual relationships
  • Those who do not wear a condom during sexual contact
  • Commercial employees
  • Drug users who engage in high-risk sexual conduct
  • Having sex without protection
  • Having an STD history
  • Drugs that infect

Signs and Symptoms

  • Discharge from the penis or vaginal canal
  • Itching in the genital area
  • Pain during sexual activity or when urinating
  • Chancre sores are painless, red, and present around the vaginal region, anus, mouth, tongue, or neck.
  • Fever, weakness, and muscular pain
  • Vaginal bleeding that is unusual
  • Lower abdominal discomfort
  • Vaginal odor is unusual and strange.

 

REFERENCES

National Guidelines Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Nepal- Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population National Center for AIDS and STI Control, Kathmandu Nepal, April 2008

WHO Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV infection in infants: Toward Universe Access: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach (2006)

Mandal, G.N. Textbook of Adult Nursing. Kathmandu: Makalu Publication House, 2013.

Dr.Suwal S.N. & Tuitui R. (2063) A Textbook of Community Health Nursing, 1st edition, Vidyarthi Prakashan (P). Ltd. Kamalpokhari, Kathmandu

Ambika Rai, Kabita Dahal. Community Health Nursing II. Kathmandu: Makalu Publication House, 2012 (reprint).
Things to remember
  • Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that can be spread by sexual contact (such as syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and genital herpes) with an infected person.
  • It is spread by vaginal or other sorts of sexual contact, including oral and anal intercourse.
  • Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi are the organisms that cause STDs.
  • STD symptoms include discharge from the penis or vagina, fever, weakness, muscular discomfort, atypical vaginal bleeding, lower belly pain, and an unique and peculiar odor from the vagina.
Questions and Answers

Special needs of adolescents with STI and HIV and management

Implementing program interventions is necessary as a component of comprehensive reproductive health services. It consists of

  • Preventive measures:
    • Counseling and testing for HIV
    • Prevention of transmission from mother to child
    • Antiretroviral medication (ART)
    • Opportunistic infection prevention and care
    • Support and care for HIV-positive individuals
    • A system that, in the absence of ART, refers patients who need it.
    • Create preventative programs and support networks for young people living with HIV to assist them in making reproductive decisions.
    • Teens receiving peer counseling.
    • Prevention, care, and treatment for young teenagers who are more likely to contract and spread HIV.
    • Stay away from sharing syringes in addition to other preventative methods.
    • Communication about behavioral change
  • Visual material therapy:
    • Radio
    • Music
    • Dance
    • Drama
  • Mental health and psychosocial support
  • Prevention of fear, stigma, depression
  • Health teaching
  • Emotional support

Definition

Infections known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and genital herpes, can be spread through sexual contact with an infected person. It can spread by vaginal touch or through other types of intercourse, including as oral and anal sex.

The causative organisms behind STDs are:

  • Bacteria
  • Virus
  • Parasites
  • Fungus

Risk factors:

  • Those with several sex partners.
  • Those who engage in sexual activity without using a condom.
  • Commercial personnel.
  • Drug users who frequently engage in risky sexual conduct.
  • Unprotected sexual activity.
  • Having an STD history.
  • Injurious drugs.

Signs and Symptoms:

  • Discharge coming from the vagina or penis.
  • Scratching in the genital area.
  • Pain while urinating or having a sexual encounter.
  • Usually painless, red, and present around the vaginal region, anus, mouth, tongue, or throat are chancre sores.
  • Fever, exhaustion, and muscle pain.
  • Irregular vaginal bleeding.
  • Lower-back soreness.
  • Odd and unusual odor coming from the vagina.

 

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