Vomiting

Subject: Community Health Nursing II

Overview

Episodes of intense vomiting that appear to have no apparent reason are the hallmark of vomiting syndrome. Each episode is identical to the previous ones, meaning that episodes typically start at the same time of day, last the same amount of time, and occur with the same symptoms and level of intensity. Episodes can last for hours or days and alternate with relatively symptom-free periods of time. Colds, allergies, sinus issues, emotional stress or excitement, especially in youngsters, anxiety or panic attacks, foods like chocolate or cheese, overeating or eating right before night, hot weather, physical tiredness, menstruation, motion sickness, etc. are just a few of the causes. Cyclic vomiting syndrome symptoms include:Three or more distinct episodes of severe vomiting without a known cause in the previous year. Severe vomiting that lasts less than a week and occurs several times per hour. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, a fever, dizziness, and sensitivity to light are possible additional symptoms during an episode of vomiting. Thirst, Less urine, Paleness, Exhaustion, and Listlessness are all signs of dehydration. Vomiting has no known cause or treatment, but it is typically managed by keeping an eye on the signs and symptoms and taking prescribed medications as directed by a doctor. They include antiemetic medications, sedatives, antidepressants, etc. Knowing the precise cause of vomiting is the first step in nursing management. Other steps include slicing food in appealing ways to increase hunger, avoiding vomit-stimulating products, teaching proper feeding habits, avoiding spicy and fatty foods like junk food, and getting enough rest.

Vomiting

Episodes of intense vomiting that appear to have no apparent reason are the hallmark of vomiting syndrome. Episodes might persist for hours or days, alternating with periods of time when there are less symptoms. Every episode is comparable to the one before it, which means that they frequently begin at the same time of day, last for the same amount of time, and have similar symptoms and intensities. Vomiting is a sign of numerous illnesses, making the syndrome challenging to diagnose. In order to manage symptoms and alter one's lifestyle, one can help avoid situations that might otherwise cause vomiting attacks. Anti-nausea drugs and migraine medications, for example, may help reduce symptoms.

Symptoms

The following are some signs of cyclic vomiting syndrome:

  • Severe nausea and vomiting that lasts for less than a week and occurs several times per hour
  • In the last year, there have been three or more separate episodes of vomiting without a known reason.
    • Other signs of an episode of vomiting include
      •  Abdominal pain
      •  Diarrhea
      •  Fever
      •  Dizziness
      •  Sensitivity to light
    • Dehydration signs and symptoms include
      • Thirst
      • Less urination
      • Paleness
      • Exhaustion and listlessness

Causes

  • Allergies, sinus issues, or colds
  • Emotional tension or excitement, particularly in kids
  • Panic episodes or anxiety, especially in adults
  • Foods like cheese or chocolate
  • Eating excessively or consuming food just before bed
  • Hot weather
  • Physical weariness
  • Menstruation
  • Feeling dizzy

Treatments and Drugs

Since there is no known cure for cyclic vomiting syndrome, treatment focuses on symptom management. A doctor might advise

  • Anti-nausea medication.
  • Sedatives
  • Pharmaceuticals that reduce gastric acid.
  • Antidepressants
  • Similar to how it is done for diarrhea, fluid is given with a similar electrolyte composition.
  • Antiemetic medications may be provided even though the majority of kids respond well to these interventions.

Nursing Management

  • The type of intervention depends on what is causing the vomiting.
  • If you have food poisoning, vomiting may be required, but it is frequently painful and unpleasant.
  • If faulty feeding techniques are found to be the cause of the vomiting, establishing good technique through instruction and modeling can usually solve the problem.
  • If it is determined that the vomiting is likely due to GI obstruction, food is typically withheld or specific feeding procedures are used.
  • keep an electrolyte and hydration balance while guarding against acidosis.
  • Avoid eating fatty food: The patient should refrain from eating fatty, hot, and junk food.
  • Motivate a patient to rest.

 

REFERENCE

Ambika Rai, Kabita Dahal. Community Health Nursing II. Kathmandu: Makalu Publication House, 2012 (reprint).

Dr.Suwal S.N. & Tuitui R. (2063) A Textbook of Community Health Nursing, 1st edition, Vidyarthi Prakashan (P). Ltd. Kamalpokhari, Kathmandu

HealthLine. 2005. 2017 http://www.healthline.com/symptom/vomiting

Mandal, G.N. Textbook of Adult Nursing. Kathmandu: Makalu Publication House, 2013.

Tuitui, Roshani. Community Health Nursing. Kathmandu: Vidyarthi Prakashan (P.) LTD., 2067.

Web MD. 2005. 2017 http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-nausea-vomiting#1

 

 

 

 
Things to remember
  • Episodes of intense vomiting that appear to have no apparent reason are the hallmark of vomiting syndrome.
  • It is brought on by a number of factors, including colds, allergies, and sinus issues. Foods like chocolate or cheese, overeating or eating shortly before bed, hot weather, physical tiredness, menstruation, motion sickness, etc. are just a few examples of the many factors that can cause anxiety or panic attacks, especially in adults or children.
  • Cyclic vomiting syndrome symptoms include
    • Severe vomiting for less than a week that occurs multiple times each hour.
    • Vomiting three or more times in a year, without any obvious reason.
  • Abdominal pain, diarrhea, a fever, dizziness, and sensitivity to light are possible additional symptoms during an episode of vomiting.
  • Treatment for dysentery typically involves keeping an eye out for the symptoms and taking prescribed medications like sedatives, antidepressants, and anti-nausea medications as directed by a doctor.
Questions and Answers

            Vomiting syndrome is characterized by episodes of severe vomiting that have no apparent cause. Episodes can last for hours or days and alternate with relatively symptom-free periods of timeand each episode is similar to previous ones, meaning that episodes tend to start at the same time of day, last the same length of time and occur with the same symptoms and level of intensity.

 Causes of vomiting are:

- Colds, allergies or sinus problems

- Emotional stress or excitement, especially in children

- Anxiety or panic attacks, especially in adults

- Foods, such as chocolate or cheese

- Overeating or eating right before going to bed

- Hot weather

- Physical exhaustion

- Menstruation

- Motion sickness

 

The symptoms of cyclic vomiting syndrome include:

- Severe vomiting that occurs several times per hour and lasts less than one week

- Three or more separate episodes of vomiting with no apparent cause in the past year

 

Other symptoms during a vomiting episode may include:

- Abdominal pain

- Diarrhea

- Fever

- Dizziness

- Sensitivity to light

 

Symptoms of dehydration include:

- Thirst

- Less urination

- Paleness

- Exhaustion and listlessness

    Vomiting can be treated by using:

- Anti-nausea drugs

- Sedatives

- Medications that suppress stomach acid

- Antidepressants

_ fluid is administered in the same manner and in a similar electrolyte composition to those administered for diarrhea.

_ although most children response well to these measures, antiemetic drugs may be given.

 

Nursing management for vomiting are:

_ Intervention are determined by the cause of the vomiting.

_ vomiting might be necessary ( ie.if you have food poisoning), it can often be discomforting and unpleasant.

_ when the vomiting is identified as a manifestation of improper feeding methods,establish proper technique through teaching and example will usually correct the situation.

_ if the vomiting is assessed as a probable sign of GI obstruction, food is usually withheld or especial feeding techniques are implemented.

_ maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and prevent acidosis.

_ avoid fatty food : the patient should avoid having junky, fatty and spicy food.

_ encourage a patient to take rest.

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