Stomatitis

Subject: Medical and Surgical Nursing I (Theory)

Overview

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues in the mouth that can either be caused by an infection or be a symptom of a more serious condition. Chemical or mechanical factors are to blame. It is separated into primary and secondary categories. Small redden area, necrosis, ulcer, and pain are some of its clinical characteristics. Steroids can be applied topically or systemically to treat it.

The soft tissues of the oral cavity may become inflamed due to an infection or as a symptom of a more serious illness. It may be brought on by chemical stress, such as a cancer medicine, or mechanical trauma, such as an injury.

Pathophysiology

Even though idiopathic recurrent aphthous ulcers typically have a self-limiting course, in certain people, ulcer activity can be nearly constant. Genital ulcers that are similar to these can be seen. Oral recurring aphthous ulcers are linked to systemic disorders such inflammatory bowel disease, Behçet syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

On nonkeratinized or inadequately keratinized surfaces of the mucosa, such as the following:

  • Buccal and labial mucosa
  • Mandibular and maxillary sulci
  • Gingiva not connected.
  • Supple palate
  • Tonsillarfauces.
  • The bottom of the mouth.
  • The tongue's ventral surface.
  • Tongue's inferior lateral surface.

Causes

  • Mechanical: Check biting, use of hard brush during brushing.
  • Chemical: Certain foods and drinks, sensitivity to mouthwash.

Classification

Primary stomatitis

  • Aphthous stomatitis.
  • Herpes simplex
  • Vincent’s angina

Secondary stomatitis

  • Aphthous stomatitis:

They are tiny ulcerated lesions that affect the mouth's soft tissues, including the lips, tongue, and inner cheek.

 Causes

  • Unknown
  • Emotional stress
  • Vitamin deficiency
  • Food or drug allergy
  • Viral infection

 Clinical Manifestation

  • Small red area
  • Necrosis
  • Ulcer
  • Pain

Management

Administering steroids topically or systemically. Tomatoes, chocolates, eggs, and dairy products should not be consumed by people who are prone to allergic reactions.

  • Herpes simplex:
    It is a form of inflammation and ulceration caused by viral infections, caused by herpes simplex virus.

  • Vincent angina:
    (necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis) An acute bacterial infection of the gingival (gums).

Causes:

  • Caused by the resident flora of the mouth.
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Lack of rest and sleep
  • Diabetes mellitus.

Management:

  • Rinse both before and after meals with viscous lidocaine.
  • Apply KY jelly to the lips to lubricate them.
  • Provide a bland diet for oral hygiene.
  • Steer clear of commercial mouthwash.

References

  • Mandal, G. (August 2013). A Textbook of Adult Health Nursing (2nd ed.). Dilllibazar kathmandu: Makalu publication house. Retrieved August 2013
  • misc.medscape.com/pi/iphone/medscapeapp/html/A1075570-business.html
  • emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075570-overview
  • https://www.derm101.com/therapeutic/aphthous-stomatitis/
     
Things to remember
  • Inflammation of the mouth cavity's soft tissues.
  • On the mucosa's nonkeratinized or inadequately keratinized surfaces, aphthous ulcers recur.
  • Mechanical: Check biting and brushing with a firm brush
  • Chemical: Sensitivity to mouthwash, certain foods and beverages
  • Tomatoes, chocolates, eggs, and dairy products should be avoided by people who are prone to allergic reactions.
  • Rinse both before and after meals with viscous lidocaine.
Questions and Answers

Oral soft tissue inflammation may be caused by an infection or be a symptom of a more serious illness. It could be brought on by mechanical stress, like an injury, or chemical trauma, like a cancer therapy medicine.

Stomatitis

Oral soft tissue inflammation may be caused by an infection or be a symptom of a more serious illness. It could be brought on by mechanical stress, like an injury, or chemical trauma, like a cancer therapy medicine.

Pathophysiology

Even though idiopathic recurrent aphthous ulcers typically have a self-limiting course, in some people, ulcer activity can be nearly constant. Genital ulcers that are similar to these can be seen. Oral recurrent aphthous ulcers are linked to systemic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, Behçet syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Recurrent aphthous ulcers occur on nonkeratinized or poorly keratinized surfaces of the mucosa such as following:

  • Labial and buccal mucosa,
  • Maxillary and mandibular sulci,
  • Unattached gingiva,
  • Soft palate,
  • Tonsillarfauces,
  • Floor of the mouth,
  • Ventral surface of the tongue,
  • Inferior lateral surface of the tongue.

Causes:

Mechanical: check bitting, use of hard brush during brushing.

Chemical: certain foods and drinks, sensitivity to mouth wash.

Classification:

Primary Stomatitis

  • Aphthous stomatitis.
  • Herpes simplex.
  • Vincent’s angina.

Secondary Stomatitis

  • Aphatous stomatitis:

They are the small ulcerated lesion of soft tissues of the mouth including the lips, tongue, and inside the cheek.

Causes:

  • Unknown,
  • Emotional stress,
  • Vitamin deficiency,
  • Food or drug allergy,
  • Viral infection.

Clinical Manifestation:

  • Small redden area,
  • Necrosis,
  • Ulcer,
  • Pain.

Management:

  • Administration of systemic or topical steroids.
    • Those who are prone for allergic reactions should avoid tomato, chocolates, eggs, milk produce.
  • Herpes Simplex:

It is a form of inflammation and ulceration caused by viral infections, caused by herpes simplex virus.

  • Vincent Angina:

(necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis)

An acute bacterial infection of the gingival (gums).

Causes:

  • Caused by the resident flora of the mouth.
  • Poor oral hygiene.
  • Lack of rest and sleep.
  • Diabetes mellitus.

Management:

  • Rinse with viscous lidocaine before and after meals.
  • Apply KY jelly to lubricate the lips.
  • Provide oral hygiene bland diet.
  • Avoid commercial mouth wash.

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