Renal Neoplasm

Subject: Medical and Surgical Nursing I (Theory)

Overview

The kidney tumor known as renal neoplasia is typically cancerous. It goes a long period without showing any signs. Men are more impacted by gender than women, and risk factors for it include smoking, renal calculi, and more. There are two types: benign and malignant. Its symptoms include anemia, pyrexia, weight loss, appetite loss, hypertension, etc. Although the etiology is unknown, certain oncogens, such as smokers, leather workers, opioid abusers, etc., have been discovered. The diagnostic techniques employed are CT scans, IVP, MRIs, and FNACs. For its care, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are utilized. Laparoscopic nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, and other surgical procedures are also carried out. During the recovery time from surgery, the patient needs frequent analgesics as well as help turning to ease pain. Potential infections should be monitored and treated by the nurses.

Renal Neoplasm

The kidney tumor known as renal neoplasia is typically cancerous. It goes for a long period without showing any signs. It accounts for roughly 3% of all adult cancers in the United States and is the sixth highest cause of cancer fatalities. Men are affected by it twice as often as women.

Risk Factor of Renal Neoplasia

  • Men are more impacted by gender than women.
  • Nicotine use.
  • Industrial chemicals that are exposed at work include petroleum products and heavy metals.
  • Obesity.
  • kidney polycystic disease.

Classification

  • Benign
    • Adenoma
    • Adenoma cortical
    • Papilloma
    • Haemangioma
    • Malignant
    • (Wilms' tumor) Nephroblastomas
    • Cancer of the renal cells
    • Tumor with transitional cells
    • Cancer of the squamous cell

Nephroblastomas

It also goes by the name Wilms' tumor. It is a malignant tumor that develops in kids between the ages of 2-4. Hematogenous spread takes place to the lungs, liver, bones, and brain; it spreads through lymph nodes.

Signs and symptoms

  • Hematuria is a sign with a poor prognosis.
  • Anemia
  • Pyrexia, weight loss, and appetite loss
  • Hypertension
  • The last symptom is pain.

Etiology

  • Although particular oncogenes have been discovered, the cause remains unknown.
  • Smokers
  • Workers of leather
  • Abusers of analgesics
  • Recurring cystic illness
  • A chromosomal error
  • Congenital conditions

Investigations

  • Urine analysis
  • Inspection of the abdomen
  • CT scan
  • IVP
  • MRI
  • FNAC

Management

  • Medical management
    • Chemotherapy
    • Radiotherapy
    • Surgical intervention
    • Radical kidney removal
    • Nephrectomy through laparoscopy
    • Medical embolization

Nursing Management

  • Check for systemic disease clinical signs such as fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, and pallor. Fever as well as metastatic signs.
  • Maintaining breathing patterns and airway clearing.
  • During the recovery time from surgery, the patient needs frequent analgesics as well as help turning to ease pain.
  • Encouraging urinary clearance by keeping a careful eye on urine production and discharge.
  • To avoid atelectasis, it is advised to turn, cough, use a spirometer, and breathe deeply.
  • To deal with the diagnosis and uncertainty around the prognosis, the patient's family needs help and support.
  • Potential infections should be monitored and treated by the nurses.

 References

  • ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.07.2724
  • emedicine.medscape.com/article/281340-overview
  • Mandal, G. (August 2013). A Textbook of Adult Health Nursing (2nd ed.). Dilllibazar kathmandu: Makalu publication house. Retrieved August 2013
  • ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7611240
  • wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-a-renal-neoplasm.htm

 
Things to remember
  • The kidney tumor known as renal neoplasia is typically cancerous.
  • Industrial chemicals that are exposed during work include petroleum products and heavy metals
  • Hematuria is a sign with a poor prognosis.
  • Pyrexia, weight loss, and decreased appetite
  • Suspected causes include leather workers and smokers.
  • Maintaining breathing patterns and airway clearing.
  • Encouraging urinary clearance by keeping a careful eye on urine production and discharge.
  • To avoid atelectasis, it is advised to turn, cough, use a spirometer, and breathe deeply.
Questions and Answers

The tumor of the kidney known as renal neoplasia is typically malignant. For a very long time, there are no symptoms. About 3% of all adult cancers in the United States are caused by it, making it the sixth most common cause of cancer mortality. There are twice as many men affected as women.

The kidney tumor known as renal neoplasia is typically cancerous. It goes a long period without showing any signs. It accounts for roughly 3% of all adult cancers in the United States and is the sixth highest cause of cancer fatalities. Men are affected by it twice as often as women.

Signs and Symptoms

  • Hematuria is a sign with a poor prognosis.
  • Anemia
  • Pyrexia, weight loss, and decreased appetite
  • Hypertension
  • The last symptom is pain

Nursing Management

  • Check for systemic disease clinical signs such as fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, and pallor. Fever as well as metastatic signs.
  • Maintaining breathing patterns and airway clearing.
  • During the recovery time from surgery, the patient needs frequent analgesics as well as help turning to ease pain.
  • Encouraging urinary clearance by keeping a careful eye on urine production and discharge.
  • To avoid atelectasis, it is advised to turn, cough, use a spirometer, and breathe deeply.
  • To deal with the diagnosis and uncertainty around the prognosis, the patient's family needs help and support.
  • Potential infections should be monitored and treated by the nurses.

 

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