Glomerulonephritis

Subject: Medical and Surgical Nursing I (Theory)

Overview

Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of glomerulus thst helps filter waste and fluids from the blood. Viral infections, Immune diseases, Lumps, etc are its causes. Its symptoms include , Blood in urine, Foamy urine, Swelling of the face, eyes, ankles, feet, legs, or abdomen, diarrhoea, Excessive urination, Fever, etc. It is diagoned with help of Urine test, Blood tests, imaging tests, Kidney biopsy. Antihypertensive drugs, corticosteroids are used for its treatment. Person with this condition should be closely watched for signs of kidney failure. dialysis or a kidney transplant may eventually be needed.Protect the debilitated patient against secondary infection by providing good nutrition and hygienic technique and preventing contact with infected people. Explans to patient taking diuretics that he may experience orthostatic hypotension and dizziness when he changes positions quickly.

Glomerulonephritis

An inflammation of the glomerulus, which aids in removing waste and fluids from the blood, is known as glomerulonephritis.

 Causes

  • Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
  • Bacterial endocarditis.
  • Viral infections.
  • Immune diseases.
  • Lumps.
  • Goodpasture syndrome.
  • IgA nephropathy.
  • Vasculitis.
  • Polyarteritis.
  • Wegener's granulomatosis.

 Symptoms

  • Blood in urine.
  • Foamy urine.
  • Swelling of the face, eyes, ankles, feet, legs, or abdomen.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Abdominal pain.
  • A cough and shortness of breath.
  • Excessive urination.
  • Fever.
  • Joint or muscle achest etc.

Diagnosis

  • Urine test.
  • Blood tests.
  • Imaging tests.
  • Kidney biopsy.

Treatment

  • Medicines.
    • Antihypertensive drugs, corticosteroids.
  • Dietary restriction.
    • Advice to limit salt, fluids, protein and others substances.
  • Close monitoring.
    • A person with this condition should be closely watched for signs of kidney failure. dialysis or a kidney transplant may eventually be needed.
  • Treatment for high blood pressure
  • Treatment for underlying causes
  • Therapies for associated kidney failure

Nursing Care

  • During the acute period, offer the greatest possible rest.
  • For the patient who is confined to bed, perform passive range of motion exercises.
  • As the patient's symptoms become better, let them gradually resume their regular activities.
  • Discuss a diet that is rich in calories but low in protein, salt, potassium, and fluids with a dietitian.
  • By providing a healthy diet, using sanitary practices, and avoiding contact with infectious persons, you can guard the disabled patient from secondary illness.
  • Check the electrolyte levels of the patient.
  • Watch your intake, output, and weight each day.
  • Report any ascites or peripheral edema.
  • Inform the patient taking diuretics that sudden changes in position could cause orthostatic hypotension and dizziness.
  • Support the patient and his family emotionally.
  • If the patient is scheduled for dialysis, explain the procedure fully.

References

  • books.google.com/books?isbn=1582554455

  • Mandal, G. (August 2013). A Textbook of Adult Health Nursing (2nd ed.). Dilllibazar kathmandu: Makalu publication house. Retrieved August 2013

  • nursingfile.com/tag/glomerulonephritis

  • reidhosp-mobile.adam.com/content.aspx?productId=101&pid=1&gid=000484

  • scribd.com/document/127929142/Agn-Pedia
  • studynursing.blogspot.com/2010_12_22_archive.html

  • scripps.org/articles/2135-glomerulonephritis
Things to remember
  • An inflammation of the glomerulus, which aids in removing waste and fluids from the blood, is known as glomerulonephritis.
  • Cause of IgA nephropathy
  • Foamy urine is one among the symptoms, as are swelling of the face, eyes, ankles, feet, legs, or belly.
  • Limit your intake of salt, liquids, protein, and other items.
  • Check the electrolyte levels of the patient.
  • Watch your intake, output, and weight each day.
  • Report any ascitic formation or peripheral edema.
  • If the patient has a dialysis appointment, fully describe the process.
Questions and Answers

The glomerulus, which aids in removing waste and fluids from the blood, becomes inflamed in glomerulonephritis.

Causes

  • Glomerulonephritis following strep infection.
  • Endocarditis due to bacteria.
  • Viral illnesses.
  • Immune conditions.

Treatment

  • Medicines
    • Drugs that lower blood pressure, corticosteroids
  • Dietry restrication
    • Limit your intake of salt, liquids, protein, and other items.
  • Close monitoring
    • A person with this condition needs to be closely monitored for kidney failure symptoms. A kidney transplant or dialysis may eventually be required.
  • High blood pressure treatment
  • Treatment for unresolved issues
  • Treatments for underlying renal failure

Nursing Care

  • As much rest as possible during the acute phase.
  • For a patient who is confined to bed, perform passive range of motion exercises.
  • As symptoms fade, allow the patient to gradually resume normal activities.
  • Discuss a diet that is high in calories but low in protein, salt, potassium, and fluids with a dietitian.
  • By providing a healthy diet, using hygienic practices, and avoiding contact with infectious people, you can guard the disabled patient against secondary infection.
  • Check the electrolyte levels of the patient.
  • Watch your intake, output, and weight each day.
  • Report any ascitic development or peripheral edema.
  • Explains to the patient using diuretics that sudden changes in position could cause orthostatic hypotension and dizziness.
  • Support the patient and his family emotionally.
  • If the patient has a dialysis appointment, clearly describe the process.

Treatment

  • Medicines
    • Drugs that lower blood pressure, corticosteroids
  • Dietry restrication
    • Limit your intake of salt, liquids, protein, and other substances.
  • Close monitoring
    • A person with this illness needs to be constantly monitored for renal failure symptoms. A kidney transplant or dialysis may eventually be required.
      • High blood pressure treatment
      • Treatment for unresolved issues
      • Treatments for underlying kidney failure

Nursing Care

  • As much rest as possible during the acute phase.
  • For a patient who is confined to bed, perform passive range of motion exercises.
  • As symptoms fade, allow the patient to gradually resume normal activities.
  • Discuss a diet that is high in calories but low in protein, salt, potassium, and fluids with a dietitian.
  • By providing a healthy diet, using hygienic practices, and avoiding contact with infectious people, you can guard the disabled patient against secondary infection.
  • Check the electrolyte levels of the patient.
  • Watch your intake, output, and weight each day.
  • Report any ascitic development or peripheral edema.
  • Explains to the patient using diuretics that sudden changes in position could cause orthostatic hypotension and dizziness.
  • Support the patient and his family emotionally.
  • If the patient has a dialysis appointment, fully describe the process.

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