Tumors of Oral Cavity

Subject: Medical and Surgical Nursing I (Theory)

Overview

Oral cavity benign tumors: these are tumors that do not spread, are non-recurrent, and do not progress. A malignant tumor will develop and spread over time. Its causes include alcohol and tobacco use, poor oral hygiene, etc. It shows symptoms like pain, beeping, mild tongue irritability, etc. The patient should be instructed to practice good oral hygiene, and the client should refrain from using tobacco, alcohol, hot beverages, and spicy foods.

Oral cavity benign tumors: these are tumors that do not spread, are non-recurrent, and do not progress. Three categories of benign tumors are present.

Fibromas: These are encapsulated connective tissue tumors with irregular growth patterns.

Lipomas: They are the adipose nerves' benign development.

Neurofibromas: Connective tissue tumor surrounding the nerve. If these tumors caused functional or cosmetic issues, they are typically removed or excised.

Pathophysiology

Modern DNA technologies, particularly allelic imbalance (loss of heterozygosity) studies, have discovered chromosomal alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that are suggestive of the involvement of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), particularly on chromosomes 3, 9, 11, and 17. While TSG mutation can undermine these regulation systems, functional TSGs appear to help with growth control.

Although many more genes are being found, the regions that have been most frequently identified so far include some on the short arm of chromosome 3, a TSG called P16 on chromosome 9, and the TSG called TP53 on chromosome 17.

Malignant Tumors of the Oral Cavity

A malignant tumor will spread which is recurrent & progressive.

Classification:

  • Basal cell carcinoma: Mainly affects the lips. It begins as a little scab and grows into an ulcer with a distinctive border. The cause is prolonged exposure to sunshine.
  • Squamous cell carcinoma: It is a form of cancer of the epithelial tissue. It is a cancerous growth that develops from a microscopic squamous cell that lines the mouth's mucous membrane.

Etiology

  • Chronic inflammation of the mouth's mucous lining.
  • Alcohol and tobacco
  • Oral hygiene issues
  • Spicy and hot cuisine
  • Physical harm from having dentures that don't fit properly.
  • The oral cancer history in the family.

 Clinical Manifestation

  • The existence of a mouth lesion or sore.
  • Pain.
  • Bleeding.
  • Tongue discomfort that is mild.
  • An ear or tongue ache.

Diagnostic Assessment

Medical management:

  • Radiation therapy.
  • Chemotherapy eg. Cisplatin, cyclopamine, 5-flurouracil, vincristine, vincristine, methotrexate.

Surgical management:

  • Local excision
  • Extensive surgical excision.

Nursing management:

Assessment:

  • Aching ulcer
  • Dysphagia
  • Oral mucosa has regions that are white or red.
  • Having mouth bleeding
  • Pain involving the ear
  • Hoarseness
  • Use of tobacco and alcohol.
  • Oral care routine
  • Exposure to sunlight.

 Knowledge deficit related to prevention of oral lesion.

  • Encourage the patient to practice good oral hygiene.
  • Give the client instructions to stop using tobacco, alcohol, hot beverages, and spicy foods.
  • Describe any side effects of the radiation or chemotherapy the patient is receiving if they are recovering.
  • Describe tracheostomy.

Injury related to the surgical procedure or wound infection.

  • Teach the patient how to gently brush their teeth after surgery. Teach the client how to rinse their mouth after the dressing and packing have been removed.
  • Changes in nutrition that are less than what the body needs as a result of oral discomfort and dysphasia.
  • Encourage the patient to eat little and often.
  • Before a meal, provide analgesics 30 to 40 minutes in advance.
  • Before and after a meal, oral hygiene

Impaired verbal communication related to pressure of tracheostomy

  • Examine the client's literacy level.
  • Give the client writing paper or a whiteboard so they can draw on it.
  • Encourage the client to maintain social connections.

References

  • austinpublishinggroup.com/dental-applications/fulltext/jda-v2-id1056.php
  • www.dentalmcqs.com/component/k2/squamous-cell-carcinoma
  • Mandal, G. (August 2013). A Textbook of Adult Health Nursing (2nd ed.). Dilllibazar kathmandu: Makalu publication house. Retrieved August 2013
  • misc.medscape.com/pi/iphone/medscapeapp/html/A1075729-business.html
  • https://thehealthscience.com/topics/cancers-oral-mucosa
Things to remember
  • Fibromas: These are encapsulated connective tissue tumors that are irregular and slowly developing.
  • Lipomas: These adipose nerve growths are benign.
  • oral cancer in the family.
  • radiation treatment
  • Encourage the patient to take brief, frequent meals.
  • Encourage the patient to practice good dental hygiene.
  • Give the client instructions to stop using smoke, alcohol, hot beverages, and spicy meals.
Questions and Answers

Benign tumors of oral cavity: these are the tumors that do not spread non-recurrent, non-progressive. Benign Tumors are divide into three.

  • Fibromas: These are encapsulated irregular slow growing connective tissue tumor.
  • Lipomas: They are the benign growth of adipose the nerves.
  • Neurofibromas: Tumor of connective tissue around the nerve. These tumors are usually excised or removed if they caused functional or cosmetic problems. 

 

 Malignant tumor will spread which is recurrent & progressive.

Tumors of Oral Cavity:

  • Benign tumors of oral cavity: These are the non-spreading, non-recurrent, and non-progressive tumors. Three categories of benign tumors are used.
  • Fibromas: These are encapsulated connective tissue tumors with irregular growth patterns.
  • Lipomas: They are the adipose nerves' benign growth.
  • Neurofibromas: Connective tissue tumor surrounding the nerve. If these tumors caused functional or cosmetic issues, they are typically removed or excised.

Pathophysiology:

Modern DNA technologies, specifically allelic imbalance (loss of heterozygosity) studies, have discovered chromosomal alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that are suggestive of the involvement of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), particularly in chromosomes 3, 9, 11, and 17. While TSG mutation can undermine these regulation systems, functional TSGs appear to help with growth control.

Although many more genes are being found, the sections that have been most frequently identified so far include several on the short arm of chromosome 3, a TSG called P16 on chromosome 9, and the TSG called TP53 on chromosome 17.

Malignant tumors of the oral cavity:

A malignant tumor will progress and spread over time.

Classification:

  • Basal cell carcinoma: It mostly happens in the lips. It begins as a little scab and grows into an ulcer with a distinctive border. The cause is prolonged exposure to sunlight.
  • Squamous cell carcinoma: It primarily affects the lips. A little scab at first, it grows into an ulcer with a distinctive border. The reason is prolonged sun exposure.

Etiology:

  • Chronic inflammation of the mouth's mucous lining.
  • Alcohol and tobacco
  • Oral hygiene issues
  • Spicy and hot cuisine
  • Physical harm from having dentures that don't fit properly.
  • Oral cancer in the family.

Clinical manifestation:

  • Mouth sore or lesion being present.
  • Pain
  • Bleeding
  • tongue irritation that is mild.
  • An ear or tongue ache

Diagnostic assessment:

Medical management:

  • Radiation therapy.
  • Chemotherapy eg. Cispladtin, cyclophamide, 5-flurouracil, vincristine, vincristine, methotrexate.

Surgical management:

Local excision, 2.Extensive surgical excision.

Nursing management:

  • Assessment:
    • Aching ulcer
    • Dysphagia
    • White or red spots on the oral mucosa.
    • Having mouth bleeding
    • Pain involving the ear
    • Hoarseness
    • Use of tobacco and alcohol.
    • Oral care routine
    • Solar exposure.

Knowledge deficit related to prevention of oral lesion:

  • Encourage the patient to practice good oral hygiene.
  • Give the client instructions to stop using tobacco, alcohol, hot beverages, and spicy foods.
  • Describe any side effects of the radiation or chemotherapy the patient is receiving if they are recovering.
  • Describe tracheostomy.

Injury related to surgical procedure or wound infection:

  • Teach the patient how to gently brush their teeth after surgery. Teach the client how to rinse their mouth after the dressing and packing have been removed.
  • Changes in nutrition that are less than what the body needs as a result of oral discomfort and dysphasia.
  • Encourage the patient to have brief, frequent meals.
  • Give analgesics 30 to 40 minutes before eating.
  • Before and after-meal dental care.

Impaired verbal communication related to pressure of tracheostomy:

  • Examine the client's literacy level.
  • Give the client writing paper or a whiteboard so they may draw on it.
  • Encourage the client to maintain social connections.

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