HIV

HIV

It is defined as a type of illness caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.

Causes:

Infection with a retrovirus.

Risk factors

• Sexual behavior
• Several sexual partners
• Inappropriate condom use
• Exposure without protection
• Sexually contaminated sex

Mode of transmission

• Transmission through sexual contact

• Any oral, vaginal or Anal sex

• Contact with blood

• From a mother to a child

Incubation period

A few months to year to year or more.

Clinical features

• Chills
• Fever
• Night sweat
• Seizures
• Headache
• Malise
• Fatigue
• Oral lesion
• Skin rashes
• Weight loss
• Abdominal discomfort
• Diarrhea

Diagnostic:

• HIV antibody test
• Eliza test
• Western blot test
• Indirect immunoplurancence assay (positive)
• Radioimmuno precipitation assay
• Immuno status
• Percentage CD4 + cell decrease
• CD4 – CD* ratio decrease of CD4- CD8
• WBC count is decreased
• Immune globulin level test increased
• Skin and sensitive test reaction

Pharmacological management:

• Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase
• Antiretroviral treatment
• Antibiotics for respiratory infections
• High calorie and protein-rich diet

Nursing management

• Assessment

• Identifying a risk factor

• Gather information about sexual history

• Examine nutritional status

• Examine the skin mucous for lesions

• Examine the patient's respiratory status for orthopnea, dyspnea, and chest pain

• Examine for visual changes, numbness, and tingling

Control of AIDS

• Avoid having multiple sexual encounters

• Use condoms at all times

• Stay away from anal intercourse

• Do not consume urine or sperm

• You should only have one sexual partner

• Blood screening prior to transfusion

•  

  Sterile syringes and needles should be used.