Myocardial Infraction

A blood clot that is blocking the flow of blood via a coronary artery, a blood vessel that supplies blood to a portion of the heart muscle, is what often causes a heart attack. A portion of the heart muscle may be damaged or even destroyed by the interruption in blood flow that takes place during a heart attack.

Myocardial infarction, another name for a heart attack, can be deadly. Over time, there has been a significant improvement in heart attack treatment. If you believe you may be having a heart attack, it's critical to recognize symptoms as soon as possible and seek emergency medical attention by dialing 911.

Causes

• A coronary artery spasm,
• Angina prinzmentals variation,
• Lower oxygen levels,
• Low BP, anemia, and abrupt blood loss,
• A rise in the need for oxygen,
• Rapid heartbeat, thyrotoxicosis, and cocaine consumption.

Symptoms

Common heart attack symptoms include:

• A feeling of fullness, nausea, indigestion, heartburn,
• Shortness of breath,
• Sweating or a cold sweat,
• Feelings of anxiety or an impending sense of doom,
• Fatigue,
• Trouble sleeping,
• Lightheadedness or dizziness.

Nursing Intetvention

• To find ischemia, damage new or prolonged infarction, arrhythmia, and conduction problems, monitor the ECG results.
• To track treatment response and spot issues, keep track of your vital signs and hemodynamic variables.
• To increase the heart's ability to receive oxygen, provide oxygen as directed.
• When experiencing severe discomfort, get an ECG reading to rule out myocardial ischemia, injury, or infraction.
• Maintain the patient's recommended diet to lower cholesterol levels and fluid retention.
• Relieve the patient's anxiousness since it raises oxygen consumption.
• If postoperative care is required, do so to prevent problems and aid in the patient's full recovery.

Nursing Diagnosis

• Chest pain brought on by an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand.
• Possible arrhythmias caused by a drop in cardiac output.
• Respiratory problems brought on by a drop in CO.
• Fear of dying and anxiety contributed to his condition.
• Activity intolerance linked to enforced restrictions.
• The possibility of thrombolytic treatment problems.

Complications

• Failed left ventricle,
• Arrhythmia ventricular,
• Rupture of the papillary muscle,
• The pericarditis.
• After MI, angina,
• Aneurism in the ventricle.

Myocardial Infarction

Definition

A blood clot that is blocking the flow of blood via a coronary artery, a blood vessel that supplies blood to a portion of the heart muscle, is what often causes a heart attack. A portion of the heart muscle may be damaged or even destroyed by the interruption in blood flow that takes place during a heart attack.

Myocardial infarction, another name for a heart attack, can be deadly. Over time, there has been a significant improvement in heart attack treatment. If you believe you may be having a heart attack, it's critical to recognize symptoms as soon as possible and seek emergency medical attention by dialing 911.

Causes

• Vasospasm of coronary artery,
• Prinzmentals variant angina,
• Decreased oxygen supply,
• Acute blood loss anemia,low BP,
• Increased demand for oxygen,
• Rapid heart rate, thyrotoxicosis,ingestion of cocaine.

Risk Factor

• Non Modifiable: Family history, increasing age, sex ( 3 times more in men )
• Modifiable: High blood cholesterol level,smoking, tobacco,DM, HTN, obesity

Symptoms

Common heart attack symptoms include:

• A feeling of fullness, nausea, indigestion, heartburn.
• Shortness of breath.
• Sweating or a cold sweat.
• Feelings of anxiety or an impending sense of doom.
• Fatigue.
• Trouble sleeping.
• Lightheadedness or dizziness.

Diagnosis

• ECG,
• Troponin,
• Myoglobin,
• LHD,
• Increased CPK - MB,
• Leukocytosis: appears on the second day after MI and disappear in 1 week.

Management

• High flow oxygen.
• IV access.
• IV analgesia and antiemetics.
• Serial ECG Monitoring.
• IV analgesia : 5-10 mg morphine with metaoclopramide 10 mg.
• Avoid intramuscular injection.
• Thrombolytic therapy has been shown to improve survival rates in MI.
• Angiography provides essential knowledge of the extent of coronary disease.
• Anti coagulants : subcutaneous heparin 12500 units twice daily with addition to oral aspirine.
• Angiography provides essential knowledge of the extent of coronory diseases.
• Beta blocker; intravenous beta blockers reduce arrhythmias and improve short term mortality. Avoided if heart failure, bradycardia or heart block.

Nursing Intetvention

• To find ischemia, damage new or prolonged infarction, arrhythmia, and conduction problems, monitor the ECG results.
• To track treatment response and spot issues, keep track of your vital signs and hemodynamic variables.
• To increase the heart's ability to receive oxygen, provide oxygen as directed.
• When experiencing severe discomfort, get an ECG reading to rule out myocardial ischemia, injury, or infraction.
• Maintain the patient's recommended diet to lower cholesterol levels and fluid retention.
• Relieve the patient's anxiety because it raises oxygen consumption.
• If postoperative care is required, do so to prevent complications and aid in the patient's full recovery.

Nursing Diagnosis

• Chest pain brought on by an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand.
• Possible arrhythmias caused by a decrease in cardiac output.
• Eespiratory problems brought on by a drop in CO.
• His illness is exacerbated by anxiety and dread of dying.
• Intolerance for activity under restrictions.
• Risks associated with thrombolytic treatment.

Complications

• Left ventricular failure,
• Ventricular arrhythmia,
• Papillary miscle rupture,
• Pericarditis,
• Post MI angina,
• Ventricular aneurism.