Ulcerative Colitis

Subject: Medical and Surgical Nursing I (Theory)

Overview

Inflammation and colonic ulcers are symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC), a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The condition is a subtype of colitis, a group of conditions that can cause partial or total inflammation of the colon, which is the largest portion of the large intestine. It is still unclear what exactly causes ulcerative colitis. Although nutrition and stress were once thought to be contributing factors, ulcerative colitis is not caused by these things, contrary to what doctors once believed. Diarrhea, frequently accompanied by blood or pus, abdominal pain and cramping, rectal pain and bleeding, etc. are some of its symptoms. Its diagnosis may be aided by a colonoscopy. Both a colonoscopy and medications are used to treat it. administer painkillers as directed and necessary. Analgesics can help in pain management and the healing process. Its consequences include severe dehydration, liver damage (rare), and others.

Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammation and colonic ulcers are symptoms of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) known as ulcerative colitis (UC). The condition is a subtype of colitis, a collection of conditions that cause partial or total inflammation of the colon, the biggest portion of the large intestine. The primary sign of an active illness is bloody diarrhea. Although ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are both types of IBD, they differ in that ulcerative colitis only affects the colon and rectum, as its name implies, as opposed to the entire GI tract.

 Causes

  • It is still unclear what exactly causes ulcerative colitis. Although nutrition and stress were once thought to be contributing factors, ulcerative colitis is not caused by these things, contrary to what doctors once believed.
  • Immune system dysfunction is one potential factor. An aberrant immune response causes the immune system to assault the cells in the digestive tract when it attempts to combat an invading virus or bacteria.

 Symptoms

  • Frequently bloody or pustular diarrhea
  • Constipation and cramping
  • Back pain
  • Bodily bleeding
    • Small amount of blood passing through the stool
  • Lack of capacity to urinate despite urgent need
  • Loss of weight Fatigue Fever
  • A child's inability to grow

 Diagnosis

  • A Colonoscopy
    • In this examination, a physician examines the interior of your entire colon with a thin, illuminated probe. A biopsy of the colon's lining may be performed concurrently by the physician.
  • Blood Tests
    • which check for inflammation or infection.
  • Stool Sample
    • White blood cells, infections, and blood are all tested for.

 Treatment

  • Total Colectomy
    • complete colon removal combined with ileostomy.
  • Segmental Colectomy
    • Removing a section of the colon by anastomosis.
  • Subtotal Colectomy
    • with ileorectal anastomosis, the colon is almost entirely removed.
  • Drugs that reduce inflammation
  • Anti-Immune System Agents
  • Anti-Diarrheal Drugs
  • Medication for pain
  • Antibiotics
  • Iron
  • Proctocolectomy
    • Complete colon and rectum removal.

 Nursing Management

  • Using the relevant pain scale, determine the level of pain. 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after taking a painkiller, evaluate your pain.
  • Administer painkillers as directed and necessary. Analgesics can help in pain management and the healing process.
  • Keep the patient's activity and bed rest restrictions minimal.
  • Every four hours or as needed, check your vital signs, including your temperature. Inform the medical professional about any unusual findings.
  • Every 4-6 hours, evaluate the patient's mental state and level of consciousness. Changes in mental state, disorientation, or any decline from the baseline can indicate infection.
  • Any abnormal laboratory results, such as a high WBC count, should be reported and noted to the healthcare professional.
  • IV fluids with electrolytes to keep hydrated.
  • Reduce activity.
  • Observe the bowel sounds.
  • Keep an eye out for infection symptoms and indications (peritonitis).
  • Keep an eye out for bleeding signs and symptoms (caused by ulcers).
  • Put yourself on a low-fiber, high-protein diet as your diet progresses.
  • Avoid eating nuts, alcohol, and caffeine.
  • Need guidance on quitting smoking.

 Complications

  • Extensive bleeding.
  • A colonic fissure (perforated colon).
  • Extremely dehydrated.
  • Liver illness (rare).
  • Loss of bone (osteoporosis).
  • Inflammation of the eyes, joints, skin, and mouth, as well as ulcers in the eyelids.
  • A higher chance of colon cancer.
  • Quickly expanding colon (toxic megacolon).
  • A higher risk of blood clots in the arteries and veins.

References

  • damnliver.com/about-uc/
  • healthwatchcenter.in/disease-a-z/symptom-ulcerative-colitis/
  • Mandal, G. (August 2013). A Textbook of Adult Health Nursing (2nd ed.). Dilllibazar kathmandu: Makalu publication house. Retrieved August 2013
  • northtexasendo.com/crohns-disease/
  • pressreader.com/canada/the-hamilton-spectator/20160716/282127815819584
  • pregnantnaturallytips.com/ulcerative-colitis-symptoms-mayo-clinic.html
  • quizlet.com/77701414/msn-gi-system-flash-cards/
  • research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/Ulcerative_colitis
  • thecornerinthemiddle.com/pancreatitis-pathophysiology-podcast-nursing-care-plan/
  • thecornerinthemiddle.com/pancreatitis-pathophysiology-podcast-nursing-care-plan/
Things to remember
  1. Inflammation and colonic ulcers are symptoms of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) known as ulcerative colitis (UC).
  2. It is still unclear what exactly causes ulcerative colitis.
  3. Rectal bleeding is a condition in which a tiny amount of blood is passed in the feces.
  4. Observe the bowel sounds.
  5. Every four hours or as needed, check your vital signs, including your temperature.
Questions and Answers

Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammation and colonic ulcers are symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC), a kind of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The condition is a subtype of colitis, a collection of conditions that can cause partial or total inflammation of the colon, which is the largest portion of the large intestine. Diarrhea mixed with blood is the main sign of an active illness. In spite of the fact that ulcerative colitis, as its name implies, only affects the colon and rectum rather than the entire GI tract, it shares many characteristics with Crohn's disease, another kind of IBD.

 

Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammation and colonic ulcers are symptoms of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) known as ulcerative colitis (UC). The condition is a subtype of colitis, a collection of conditions that cause partial or total inflammation of the colon, the biggest portion of the large intestine. The primary sign of an active illness is bloody diarrhea. Although ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are both types of IBD, they differ in that ulcerative colitis only affects the colon and rectum, as its name implies, as opposed to the entire GI tract.

 

Treatment

  • Total Colectomy
    • Total colon removal combined with ileostomy.
  • Segmental colectomy
    • A colon segment is removed using an anastomosis.
  • Subtotal colectomy
    • Ileorectal anastomosis allows for almost complete removal of the colon.
  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • Immunosuppressive drugs
  • Antibiotics for diarrhea
  • Taking painkillers
  • Antibiotics
  • Iron
  • Proctocolectomy
    • Removing the rectum and entire colon

Causes

  • It is still unclear what exactly causes ulcerative colitis. Although nutrition and stress were once thought to be contributing factors, ulcerative colitis is not caused by these things, contrary to what doctors once believed.
  • Immune system dysfunction is one potential factor. An aberrant immune response causes the immune system to assault the cells in the digestive tract when it attempts to combat an invading virus or bacteria.

  

Nursing Management

  • Using the relevant pain scale, determine the level of pain. 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after taking a painkiller, evaluate your pain.
  • Administer painkillers as directed and necessary. Analgesics can help in pain management and the healing process.
  • Keep the patient's activity and bed rest restrictions minimal.
  • Every four hours or as needed, check your vital signs, including your temperature. Inform the medical professional about any unusual findings.
  • Every 4-6 hours, evaluate the patient's mental state and level of consciousness. Changes in mental state, disorientation, or any decline from the baseline can indicate infection.
  • Any abnormal laboratory results, such as a high WBC count, should be reported and noted to the healthcare professional.
  • IV fluids with electrolytes to keep hydrated
  • Reduce activity
  • Observe the bowel sounds
  • Keep an eye out for infection symptoms and indications (peritonitis)
  • Keep an eye out for bleeding signs and symptoms (caused by ulcers)
  • Put yourself on a low-fiber, high-protein diet as your diet progresses.
  • Those foods should be avoided: alcohol, caffeine, and nuts.
  • Need guidance on quitting smoking

 

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