Sickle Cell Anaemia

Subject: Child Health Nursing

Overview

The most typical variety is referred to as sickle-cell anemia (SCA). The oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin in red blood cells becomes dysfunctional as a result. In certain cases, this results in a hard, sickle-like form. Sickle cell disease problems often start at the age of 5 to 6 months. The symptoms of sickle cell anemia include Dactylitis, a painful swelling of the hands and feet, Anemia-related fatigue or irritability, Jaundice or icterus are yellowish skin tones or eye whites that happen as a result of a significant amount of red blood cells hemolyzing. Opioid painkillers (such as morphine), as well as anti-inflammatory drugs (for example, ibuprofen), Infection-fighting antibiotics. Examine the child's overall health and any related symptoms, such as pain or hematuria. administering replacement fluids and electrolytes reduces acidosis brought on by hypoxia, in order to maintain oxygen saturation, administer oxygen Restrain a child in bed to reduce energy use. Place the youngster in a relaxed position. Transfusion administration and monitoring.

Sickle cell

The most typical variety is referred to as sickle-cell anemia (SCA). The oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin in red blood cells becomes dysfunctional as a result. In certain cases, this results in a hard, sickle-like form. Sickle cell disease problems often start at the age of 5 to 6 months. Anemia, bacterial infections, stroke, pain attacks (sickle-cell crisis), and anemia are just a few of the health issues that could arise. People who are older may acquire chronic pain. In the developed world, people typically live between 40 and 60 years.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of sickle-cell disease is primarily characterized by the loss of red blood cell flexibility. Because normal red blood cells are quite elastic, they can bend and flow through capillaries. Low oxygen tension encourages red blood cell sickling in sickle-cell disease, and repeated episodes of sickling harm the cell membrane and reduce cell flexibility. When the usual oxygen tension is restored, these cells do not regenerate. Due to their rigidity, these blood cells cannot bend as they go through tiny capillaries, which causes artery blockage and ischemia.

Causes

  • Genetic abnormality

Sign and symptoms

  • Dactylitis, a painful swelling of the hands and feet
  • fatigue or irritability due to anemia
  • Jaundice or icterus are yellowish skin tones or eye whites that happen as a result of a significant amount of red blood cells hemolyzing.
  • Chest pain
  • Fever
  • Shortness of breath
  • Rapid breathing
  • Cough

Diagnosis

  • Haemoglobin electrophoresis
  • CBC and morphology

Management

  • Opioid pain medications (for example, morphine)
  • Anti-inflammatory medications (for example, ibuprofen)
  • Antibiotics for infection
  • Oxygen
  • Intravenous or oral fluids
  • Blood transfusion

Nursing management

  • Examine the child's overall health and any related symptoms, such as pain or hematuria.
  • Replace lost fluids and electrolytes to reduce acidosis brought on by hypoxia.
  • To maintain oxygen saturation, administer oxygen.
  • Restrain a child in bed to reduce energy use.
  • Place the youngster in a relaxed position.
  • Transfusion administration and monitoring.
  • Apply heat therapy instead of cold to the affected areas.
  • Utilize alternative pain management methods.
  • Implement infection control measures.
  • Make sure you're getting enough IV and oral fluids, as well as meals, to be hydrated and fed.
  • Encourage the child's normal growth and development through appropriate play and stimulation.
  • Support the child and the family by enabling them to express their sentiments of justice, rage, and hurt.
  • Discharge instruction, the disease process, the early signs, and genetic factors.
  • By avoiding the causes of the episodes, find techniques to prevent them.
  • regular follow-up visits to a hospital for health maintenance examinations, such as eye, dental, and physical exams.
  • maintaining as much as possible of a normal lifestyle.

 
Things to remember
  • The most typical variety is referred to as sickle-cell anemia (SCA).
  • Sickle cell disease problems often start at the age of 5 to 6 months. Anemia, bacterial infections, stroke, pain attacks (sickle-cell crisis), and anemia are just a few of the health issues that could arise.
  • Opioid painkillers (such as morphine), as well as anti-inflammatory drugs (for example, ibuprofen)
  • Examine the general health of the kid, any accompanying symptoms (pain, hematuria, administering replacement fluids and electrolytes reduces acidosis brought on by hypoxia, To maintain oxygen saturation, administer oxygen.
Videos for Sickle Cell Anaemia
sickle cell anaemia
Questions and Answers

The most prevalent kind is referred to as sickle-cell anemia (SCA). The oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin present in red blood cells becomes aberrant as a result. In certain cases, this results in a hard, sickle-like form. Sickle cell disease problems often start at the age of 5 to 6 months. Anemia, bacterial infections, stroke, pain attacks (sickle-cell crisis), and anemia are just a few of the health issues that could arise. People who are older may develop chronic pain. In the developed world, people typically live between 40 and 60 years.

Causes

  • Genetic abnormality

Sign and Symptoms

  • Painful swelling of the hands and feet, known as dactylitis.
  • Fatigue or fussiness from anemia.
  • A yellowish color of the skin, known as jaundice, or whites of the eyes, known as icterus, that occurs when a large number of red cells hemolyze.
  • Chest pain.
  • Fever.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Rapid breathing.
  • Cough.

Management

  • Narcotic painkillers (for example, morphine)
  • Medicines that reduce inflammation (for example, ibuprofen)
  • Infection-fighting antibiotics
  • Oxygen
  • Oral or intravenous fluids
  • Blood donation

Nursing management

  • Examine the child's overall health and any related symptoms, such as pain or hematuria.
  • Replace lost fluids and electrolytes to reduce acidosis brought on by hypoxia.
  • To maintain oxygen saturation, administer oxygen.
  • Restrain a child in bed to reduce energy use. Place the youngster in a relaxed position.
  • Transfusion administration and monitoring.
  • Apply heat therapy instead of cold to the affected areas.
  • Utilize alternative pain management methods.
  • Implement infection control measures.
  • Make sure you're getting enough IV and oral fluids, as well as food, to stay hydrated and fed.
  • Encourage the child's normal growth and development through appropriate play and stimulation.
  • Support the child and the family by enabling them to express their sentiments of justice, rage, and hurt.
  • Discharge instruction, disease progression, early signs, and hereditary factors.
  • By avoiding the causes of the episodes, find techniques to prevent them.
  • Regular follow-up visits to a hospital for health maintenance examinations, such as eye, dental, and physical exams.
  • Maintaining as much as possible of a normal lifestyle.

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