Wilms' Tumor

Subject: Child Health Nursing

Overview

Kidney cancer called Wilms tumor is extremely uncommon and mostly affects youngsters. Wilm's tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most typical kidney cancer in kids. Children with Wilms' tumor are most commonly affected between the ages of 3 and 4, and after age 5 the condition is significantly less frequent. Wilms tumor typically only affects one kidney, however it can occasionally affect both kidneys simultaneously. Wilm's tumor has an enigmatic origin. Doctors are aware that DNA mistakes in cells cause cancer to grow. Wilm's tumor in children can cause abdominal swelling, a palpable abdominal mass, abdominal discomfort, and blood in the urine. They can also seem healthy. There are 5 phases of Wilm's illnesses. A physical exam, blood and urine tests, imaging tests like a CT scan and an MRI can all be used to diagnose Wilms' tumors. Surgery and chemotherapy are the standard treatments for this condition. The surgical removal of kidney tissue is known as a nephrectomy. If surgery is necessary, make sure that the patient is well taken care of before the procedure.

Wilms' Tumor

Kidney cancer called Wilms tumor is extremely uncommon and mostly affects youngsters. Wilm's tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most typical kidney cancer in kids.

Children with Wilms' tumor are most commonly affected between the ages of 3 and 4, and after age 5 the condition is significantly less frequent. Wilms tumor typically only affects one kidney, however it can occasionally affect both kidneys simultaneously.

Causes

Wilm's tumor has an enigmatic origin. Doctors are aware that DNA mistakes in cells cause cancer to grow. When other cells would have died, the errors enable the cell to grow and divide uncontrollably and to continue existing. Tumors are created by accumulating cells. This process takes place in kidney cells in wilm's tumor.

Risk Factors

  • Being a female child.
  • Being black.
  • Having a family history of wilm's tumor.
  • Wilms tumors can occur as part of rare syndrome including:
    • WAGR syndrome.
    • Denys- Drash syndrome.

Symptoms

  • Children with Wilms' Tumor may appear healthy or they may experience:
    • Abdominal swelling.
    • Abdominal mass can be felt.
    • Abdominal pain.
    • Fever.
    • Blood in urine.

Staging

The stage of Wilms' Tumor are:

  • Stage I:

The cancer is found only in one kidney and generally can be completely removed with surgery.

  • Stage II

Cancer has spread to the tissues and structure near the affected kidney such as fat or blood vessels, but it can still be completely removed by surgery.

  • Stage III

Cancer has spread beyond the kidney area to nearby lymph nodes and it may not be completely removed by surgery.

  • Stage IV

Cancer has spread to distant structure, such as the lungs, liver, bones or brain.

  • Stage V

Cancer cells are found in both kidneys.

Diagnosis

  • A physical examination.
  • Blood and urine tests.
  • CT scan.
  • MRI.
  • Biopsy.

Treatment

Standard treatment for wilm's Tumor is surgery and chemotherapy.

Surgery

Surgical removal of kidney tissue is called nephrectomy.

  • Simple Nephrectomy
    • In, this surgery, the surgeon removes the entire kidney.
  • Partial Nephrectomy
    • This involves removal of the tumor and part of the kidney tissue surrounding it.
  • Radical Nephrectomy
    • In this type of surgery, a surgeon removes the kidney and surrounding tissue including the ureter and adrenal gland.

Chemotherapy

In order to eradicate cancer cells throughout the body, chemotherapy employs drugs. This medication affects quickly dividing cells, therefore both cancer cells and normal cells with quick turnovers, such hair follicles, GI tract cells, and bone marrow, the tissue at the center of bones, are impacted.

Nursing Management

  • If surgical procedure is required provide pre- operative care:
    • Proper explanation to parents and take informed consent.
    • Admit the baby and observed.
    • Check for standard preoperative test and investigation.
    • Discontinue medicine such as aspirin before surgery if taken by a patient.
    • Open intravenous line and maintain intake output.
    • Keep child nil per oral.
    • Psychological support to child and parents as well.
  • Post- Operative Care:
    • Keep the operative site clean and dry.
    • Check for any sigh of infection.
    • Manage pain by giving painkille.
    • Provide psychological support.
Things to remember
  • Kidney cancer called Wilms tumor is extremely uncommon and mostly affects youngsters. Wilm's tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most typical kidney cancer in kids.
  • Children with Wilms' tumor are most commonly affected between the ages of 3 and 4, and after age 5 the condition is significantly less frequent.
  • Wilms tumor typically only affects one kidney, however it can occasionally affect both kidneys simultaneously.
  • Wilm's tumor has an enigmatic origin. Doctors are aware that DNA mistakes in cells cause cancer to grow.
  • Wilm's tumor in children can cause abdominal swelling, a palpable abdominal mass, abdominal discomfort, and blood in the urine. They can also seem healthy.
  • There are 5 phases of Wilm's illnesses.
  • Physical examination, blood and urine tests, imaging tests like a CT scan, and MRIs can all be used to diagnose it.
  • Surgery and chemotherapy are the usual forms of treatment for Wilm's tumor.
  • Nephrectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of kidney tissue.
Videos for Wilms' Tumor
Wilms tumor
Wilms' tumor
Questions and Answers

Kidney cancer called Wilms tumor is extremely uncommon and mostly affects children. Wilm's tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most typical kidney cancer in kids. Children with Wilms' tumor are most commonly affected between the ages of 3 and 4, and after age 5 the condition is much less common.

Wilm's tumor in children might cause them to appear healthy or even experience

  • Abdominal swelling,
  • A noticeable abdominal bulk
  • Fever,
  • Blood in the urine.

Staging

The stage of wilm's tumor are:

  • Stage I
    Only one kidney is affected by the cancer, which is typically completely removed during surgery.
  • Stage II
    Even though the cancer has spread to the fat and blood vessels close to the kidney that is affected, it is still surgically treatable and can be completely removed.
  • Stage III
    Surgery may not be able to completely remove the cancer because it has spread from the kidney region to nearby lymph nodes.
  • Stage IV
    distant structures like the lungs, liver, bones, or brain have been affected by cancer.
  • Stage V
    Each kidney contains cancer cells.

 

Treatment

Surgery and chemotherapy are the usual forms of treatment for Wilm's tumor.

  • Surgery
    Nephrectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of kidney tissue.
    • Simple nephrectomy
      The surgeon completely removes the kidney during this procedure.
  • Partial nephrectomy
    This entails removing the tumor along with some of the kidney tissue that surrounds it.
  • Radical nephrectomy
    In this kind of surgery, the kidney and its surrounding tissue, including the ureter and adrenal gland, are removed.
  • Chemotherapy
    In order to eradicate cancer cells throughout the body, chemotherapy uses medication. This treatment affects rapidly dividing cells, so both cancer cells and normal cells with quick turnovers, like hair follicles, GI tract cells, and bone marrow, the tissue at the center of bones, are affected.

Nursing management

  • Provide pre-operative care, give parents the proper explanation, and obtain their informed consent if a surgical operation is necessary.
    • Admit the infant and look about,
    • Verify any required preoperative testing and investigations,
    • If the patient is taking medication before surgery, such as aspirin, stop taking it.
    • Keep the intravenous line open and the intake output steady.
    • Keep the child at zero per oral,
    • Psychological support for both the child and the parents.
  • Post- operative care;
    • Keep the surgical site clean and dry,
    • Look for any signs of infection,
    • Treat discomfort with analgesics,
    • Provide psychological assistance,

 

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