Toddler

Subject: Child Health Nursing

Overview

A toddler is a kid that is one to three years old. The toddler years are a critical period for cognitive, emotional, and social growth. "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt" is the developmental task. This stage lasts between 18 months and two to three years of age. Erikson claims that children at this age are concentrating on gaining more self-control. A child who enjoys music may play with a radio. Highly restrictive parents, on the other hand, are more likely to instill in the child a sense of doubt and reluctance to attempt new challenges. Controlling elimination functions is a developmental task. Children may explore things that are hazardous to their health and safety and If caregiver encourages self-sufficient behavior toddler develops a sense of being able to handle many problems on their own.

Toddler

  • A child between the ages of one and three is considered a toddler.
  • The toddler years are a crucial period for the development of the brain, the heart, and the mind..

The developmental task is " Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt ". (Study.com)

" Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt "

  • The second stage of Erik Erikson's psychological development is autonomy vs. shame and doubt. (Study.com)
  • Between the ages of 18 months and two to three years, this stage takes place.
  • Children at this age, in Erikson's opinion, should concentrate on improving their feeling of self-control.
  • At this period of growth, acquiring a sense of personal control over the world is crucial.
  • Gaining more control over the wardrobe sector, toy preferences, and food selections are additional significant events.

Development milestone of toddlers

18 months

1. Gross motor

  • Gross motor refer to the control of large muscle, which enables walking, running, jumping and climbing.
  • Walk alone with uneven steps and feet wide apart.
  • Walk upstairs with one hand help, two feet per step.
  • Throw ball
  • Pulls and pushes large wheeled toy.

2. Fine motor

  • Refers to the ability to control small muscles, enabling the toddler to feed themselves, draw and manipulate objects.
  • Hold pencil in midshaft with a tripod grasp
  • Build a tower of 3 cubes
  • Turn several pages of a book at a time.
  • Sits on a small chair.

3. Hearing and speech

  • A hearing is the ability to hear and receive information and listen. Speech is the ability to understand and learn a language and use it to communicate effectively.
  • Uses 6-20 recognizable words and understand much more.
  • Obey simple instructions eg, get baba's shoes, shut the door.
  • Shows his own hair, nose, feet, eyes
  • Name picture.

4. Social behaviour

  • Refers to the capacity to engage with the environment through cooperative play, turn-taking, and imaginative play.
  • Feeds self with a spoon
  • Takes off shoes and socks.
  • Still, wets paint
  • May complain when wet.

2 years

1. Gross motor

  • Runs well, stops and starts safely
  • Climbs on furniture
  • Walks up and downstairs one hand held, two feet per step
  • Can jump toe feet together from low steps
  • Open doors
  • Kicks ball on request.

2. Fine motor and vision

  • Picks up pin, thread
  • Builds a tower of six cubes
  • Turns pages single
  • Holds pencil and scribbles
  • Write or draw carelessly or hurriedly.

3. Hearing and speech

  • Joint 2-3 word to form
  • Refers to self by name
  • Constantly asking names of objects and people.
  • Uses 50 or more recognizable words.

4. Social behavior

  • Lifts and replaces cup safely
  • Verbalizes toilet needs.
  • Imitates mother domestic activities
  • Points the named objects or picture
  • Pulls down pants or underwear at toilet but unable to replace.
  • Handles spoon well.

3 years

1. Gross motor

  • Walks up stairs with alternating feet, downstairs 2 feet per step.
  • Can walk on one foot
  • Stands momentarily on one feet
  • Rider tricycle by using pedals.

2. Fine motors and vision

  • Builds a tower of 9-10 blocks/cubes
  • Builds several bridges from a model
  • Copies a circle

3. Speech and hearing

  • Gives full name and knows age and sex.
  • Knows several nursery rhymes
  • Count up to 10 more
  • Counts 3 objects correctly

4. Social behavior

  • Eat, washes and dries hand under a supervision
  • Can pull pants down and up but unable to put a button
  • Dry by night enjoys floor play with dolls, cars, bricks, etc.

 

Developmental Tasks

  • Control over eliminative functions.
  • Children may explore things that are dangerous to their health and safety.
  • Children develop their interest eg. a child who enjoys music may play with the radio.
  • highly restrictive parents, however, more likely to instill in the child a sense of doubt and reluctance to attempt a new challenge.
  • Gain increased muscular coordinate and mobility.
  • They begin to feed themselves, dress and use the bathroom.
  • If caregiver encourages self-sufficient behavior toddler develops a sense of being able to handle many problems on their own.

 

 

 
Things to remember
  • A youngster between the ages of one and three is considered a toddler.
  • The toddler years are a crucial time for social, emotional, and cognitive growth.
  • The learning challenge is entitled "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt."
  • Children at this age, in Erikson's opinion, should concentrate on improving their feeling of self-control.
  • At this period of growth, acquiring a sense of personal control over the world is crucial.
  • Children may explore things that are harmful to their health and safety as part of their developmental task of controlling their eliminative functions.
Videos for Toddler
Toddler
Questions and Answers

Development milestone of toddlers

18 months

  • Gross motor
    • Walking, running, jumping, and climbing are all made possible by the control of huge muscles, which is referred to as gross motor.
    • Stride independently, keeping your feet apart.
    • Move two feet up the steps with one hand's assistance.
    • Throw the ball.
    • Pushes and pulls a big wheel toy.
  • Fine motor
    • In order for a toddler to feed itself, sketch, and manipulate items, they need to be able to control their little muscles.
    • Hold the pencil with a tripod grip at the mid shaft.
    • Build a three-cube tower.
    • Page through a book multiple pages at once.
    • Occupies a tiny chair.
  • Hearing and speech
    • Hearing refers to the capacity for both listening and receiving information. Speech refers to the capacity to comprehend, acquire, and effectively employ a language.
    • Employs 6–20 words that are familiar to them and knows much more.
    • Follow simple directions.
    • Displays his own nose, feet, eyes, and hair.
    • Name photo.
  • Social behaviour
    • The ability to engage in cooperative play, turn-taking, and imaginative play is referred to as .
    • Self-feeds with a spoon.
    • Removes socks and shoes.
    • Still dries the pant.
    • If wet, might whine.

2 years

  • Gross motor
    • Runs and stops and starts securely.
    • Scales furnishings.
    • Moves with one hand held, two steps every step, up and down the stairs.
    • Is able to hop toe-to-toe from low steps.
    • Unlock doors.
    • Kicks the ball when asked.
  • Fine motor and vision
    • It takes a pin and a thread.
    • Constructs a six-cube tower.
    • Turns the pages alone.
    • Doodles while holding a pencil.
    • To write or draw hastily or carelessly.
  • Hearing and speech
    • Joint 2-3 word formation.
    • Addresses themselves by name.
    • Inquiring the names of things and people all the time.
    • Employs fifty or more well-known words.
  • Social behaviour
    • Carefully raises and replaces the cup.
    • Verbalizes the desire for a bathroom.
    • Mimics mother's household duties.
    • Identifies the specified objects or image.
    • At the restroom, pulls down their underwear but is unable to replace them.
    • Uses a spoon with ease.

3 years

  • Gross motor
    • Moves two feet every step downstairs and ascends steps using alternate feet.
    • Can balance on one foot.
    • Briefly balances on one foot.
    • Tricycle rider utilizing pedals.
  • Fine motors and vision
    • Constructs a 9–10 block or cube tower.
    • Constructs numerous bridges using a model.
    • Duplicates a circle.
  • Speech and hearing
    • Discloses full name, age, and sex information.
    • Has a variety of nursery rhymes.
    • Add another 10 numbers.
    • Correctly counts three objects.
  • Social behavior
    • Eats, washes, and dries hands while being watched.
    • She is able to pull her jeans up and down but not button them.
    • By night, dry enjoys playing on the floor with dolls, cars, bricks, etc.

 

  • Control over erosive processes.
  • Children may investigate objects that pose a risk to their health and well-being.
  • Children grow into their interests, for instance, a musically inclined child may play with a radio.
  • However, children with extremely strict parents are more prone to develop a sense of doubt and reluctance when faced with a new problem.
  • Improved coordination and mobility of the muscles.
  • They start to dress, eat, and use the restroom for themselves.
  • Toddlers who are given parental encouragement to act independently grow to believe they are capable of solving many issues on their own.

A youngster between the ages of one and three is considered a toddler. The toddler years are a crucial time for social, emotional, and cognitive growth. The task for development is "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt."

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