Family planning Association of Nepal

FPAN was founded in 1959, and in 1960 it joined the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) as an associate member before becoming a full member in 1969. According to FPAN, modest families should be the norm for rural residents. It focuses on completing and enhancing the national health and population initiatives that are directed at the underprivileged, marginalized, and underserved population—including adolescents and sex workers—who are most at risk, IDU, returns from slavery, labor migrants, etc.

Strategies

• By enhancing STI care and enhancing sexual and reproductive health in FPAN operational areas, HIV incidence can be decreased.
• By promoting the universal right of women to live healthy and safe lives and lowering socioeconomic barriers, we may increase access to gender sensitive Comprehensive Abortion Care (CAC) services and education.
• Through gender and right-based methods, adolescents and youth in disadvantaged, underserved, and resource-poor contexts of FPAN's operational areas can access sexual and reproductive health information, education, and services.

Policies, rules and regulation in delivering the health services

Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within society". According to a the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.

There are many categories of health policies, including global health policy, public health policy, mental health policy, health care services policy, insurance policy, personal healthcare policy, pharmaceutical policy, and policies related to public health such as vaccination policy, tobacco control policy or promotion policy. They may cover topics of financing and delivery of healthcare, access to care, quality of care, and health equity. A policy is a general statement, which in line with the organizational objectives, intends to provide guidelines for decision-making.

Koontz and O'Donnell state this. "In that they are broad statements or understandings that direct or channel thinking and behavior in decision-making, policies are similar to plans. They set a decision-making boundary and guarantee that the choice will be consistent with and helpful to the goals." According to this definition, policies are long-term plans that address ongoing issues by putting restrictions on actions and dictating to those who work inside an organization what is permissible and what is not.

Characteristics of Good Policies:

• Policy must be in line with organizational goals and reflect the needs of individuals it will affect in order to aid in the achievement of objectives.
• It must be thorough enough to cover a broad range of acts and provide opportunity for discretion and interpretation as necessary for the particular circumstances.
• Every policy should be defined in clear, specific language that identifies the person responsible for putting it into practice in order to avoid any ambiguity.
• In order to guarantee public acceptance, it should be developed utilizing a participatory manner.
• It should be reviewed on a regular basis in order to make the required changes or to completely discard it.
• It must preserve a sufficient level of stability and adaptability. In other words, policy must adapt as circumstances do.

Rules & Regulations

Rules and regulations are written instructions intended to control how things are done on a daily basis. Rules are described as "detailed and recorded directions that a specific activity must or must not be performed in a given situation" by Tripathi and Reddy.The rule help in:

• avoiding making repeated referrals to a higher level for approval of regular, frequent matters.
• bringing consistency to behaviors, such as paying salaries, working overtime, traveling, and approving travel expenses and leaves.

Rules differ from policies and procedures in that they do not provide direction for action or give room for discretion or judgment, nor do they specify the order in which an activity should be carried out.

Definitions, authority, eligibility, benefits, and standards are all clarified by regulations and rules. In addition to the law, professional associations like the American Nurses Association (ANA), other service providers, third party payers, customers, and other special interest groups are always involved in and contributing to their development.

The development of rules takes time and follows a defined process:

• Those with an interest in the proposed rule have the chance to comment on the draft rule before it is finalized by the publishing of the proposed rule in the Federal Register. The Federal Register is frequently checked by ANA for new regulations.
• The ANA examines regulations that are especially relevant to the nursing community, analyzes them, and identifies issues.
• If required, ANA provides the agency with comments that suggest alterations to the draft regulation. One of the most frequent forms of participation in the legislative process is offering comments on proposed rules.
• After reviewing all public comments submitted during the comment period, the agency may amend the proposed rule.
• The final rule is published and goes into effect following additional agency review.

Regulation is a crucial tool for the national health planning process, especially when a government uses its legislative authority to implement its preferred health policy. In the previous 25 years, there have been significant changes in how governments operate, deliver services, and formulate and carry out policy. Governments now view regulation as a critical tool for influencing the number, quality, safety, and distribution of services in health systems.

Policies, rules and regulation in delivering the health services for Non organization Government

The implementation of health-related policy is complicated. Conceptual models can assist illustrate the path taken by health-related policies from formulation through implementation to health systems and outcomes. A national legislation or health policy that supports a program or intervention should not be considered the only form of policy. Governments utilize operational policies to transform national laws and policies into programs and services. Operational policies are rules, regulations, guidelines, and administrative standards. The policy process includes all decisions (including financial decisions) made at the national or decentralized levels that have an impact on whether and how services are provided. To enable sustainable scale-up, consideration must be given to policies at all levels of the health system over time.

In the current idea of healthcare, patients have access to a wide range of medical specialists as well as medical technology, including drugs and surgical instruments. It also entails having access to the most recent data and proof from various types of study, including medical and health services research. The establishment of universal health care by numerous governments around the globe relieves the financial burden of healthcare costs from private companies or individuals. Numerous arguments are made both in favor of and against universal healthcare and accompanying health regulations. Since healthcare is a crucial component of health systems, it frequently represents one of the major areas of spending for both governments and people globally.

Economics: healthcare financing

There are many different forms of health policies that distribute the financial risks associated with poor health through subsidizing healthcare services. These include, among others, fully capitalizing personal health care services through private corporations, mandated or optional private health insurance, and publicly funded health care (through taxation or insurance, commonly known as single payer systems). How to ensure that monies allotted are used effectively, efficiently, and fairly, as well as which form of health financing policy results in better or poorer quality of healthcare services provided, are all topics of current dispute.There are many arguments on both sides of the issue of public versus private health financing policies:

Claims that the delivery of personal healthcare is more effective and of higher quality when it is supported by the government.

• The availability and sustainability of healthcare services and programs depend on government spending on health.
• Any high-quality care is an improvement for those who would otherwise be without treatment because they lack the necessary resources.
• People are more inclined to seek preventative care because they see universal healthcare as free (if there is no insurance premium or co-payment), which may, in the long term, lower the burden of disease and overall healthcare expenditures.
• By cutting out the middleman, or commercial insurance corporations, single-payer systems decrease wastefulness and bureaucracy.

Claims that privately funded healthcare leads to greater quality and efficiencies in policy personal health care:

• Perceptions that publicly funded healthcare is free can lead to overuse of medical services, and hence raise overall costs compared to private health financing. Privately funded medicine leads to greater quality and efficiencies through increased access to and reduced waiting times for specialized health care services and technologies.
• Limiting the allocation of public funds for personal healthcare does not curtail the gove ability of uninsured citizens to pay for their healthcare as out-of-pocket expenses. Public funds can be better rationalized to pate provide emergency care services regardless Hea of insured status or ability to pay, such as Son with the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act in the United States.
• Privately funded and operated healthcare reduces the requirement for governments to increase taxes to cover healthcare costs, which may be compounded by the inefficiencies among government agencies due to their greater bureaucracy.

Health policy options extend beyond the financing and delivery of personal health care, ty to domains such as medical research and health workforce planning, both domestically and internationally.

Medical research policy:

Both the definition of evidence-based health policy and the issue of health policy itself, particularly in terms of funding sources, can be founded on medical research. Those who support public funding of medical research through government policy contend that increasing medical innovation will result from eliminating profit as a driving force. Sound medical research does not always translate into evidence-based policymaking. For instance, a prior government policy in South Africa, whose population sets the record for HIV infections, restricting funding and access to AIDS therapies was met with intense opposition since it was built on a rejection of scientific facts regarding the means of transmission. After a change of administration, new related policies were put into place to ensure that people had extensive access to HIV services. An additional problem with intellectual property is demonstrated by the example of Brazil, where arguments have been made over government policy that permits local production of antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV/AIDS in defiance of drug patents.

Health workforce policy:

To accomplish healthcare goals, such as addressing physician and nursing shortages, certain nations and jurisdictions have an explicit policy or strategy to plan for adequate numbers, distribution, and quality of health workers. Workforce planning is distributed elsewhere. among those on the labor market as a laissez-faire method of health policy. Policies for workforce development that are grounded on evidence frequently draw their conclusions from studies of health services.

Health in foreign policy:

In order to attain goals for global health, numerous governments and organizations incorporate a health component into their foreign policies. Promoting health in low-income nations has been considered essential to achieving other global objectives, including:

• Promoting global security- linked to fears of global pandemics, the intentional spread of pathogens, and a potential increase in humanitarian conflicts, natural disasters, and emergencies;
• Promoting economic including addressing the economic effect of poor health on development, of pandemic outbreaks on the global market place, and also the gain from the growing global market in health goods and services;
• Promoting social justice - reinforcing health as a social value and human right, including supporting the Nations' Millennium Development Goals.

Global health policy:

Public health policies supporting public health around the world are created by global governance systems, which are included in global health policy. Global health policy "implies consideration of the health requirements of the population of the whole world above the concerns of particular nations" while addressing global health. Global health policy institutions are made up of the players and conventions that form the global health response, as opposed to international health policy (agreements among sovereign states) and comparative health policy (study of health policy across states).